Table 4.

Between-Person Mediated Effects of Pain Intensity and Mood on Sleep and Opioid Use

Predictors	Mediators	a path (se)	b path (se)	c path (se)	Indirect effect (se)	95% confidence interval
						Lower	Upper
Sleep quality	Pain intensity	−0.16 (0.04)*	0.30 (0.04)*	−0.002 (0.03)*	−0.05 (0.03)*	−0.08	−0.02
WASO		0.03 (0.008)*	0.128 (0.05)*	0.006 (0.002)*	0.004 (0.002)*	0.001	0.008
SOL		0.03 (0.007)*	0.121 (0.039)*	0.004 (0.003)	0.003 (0.001)*	0.001	0.006
TST		−0.004 (0.003)	0.144 (0.04)*	0.0001 (0.0001)	0.0001 (0.0001)	−0.001	0.001
Sleep quality	Mood	0.10 (0.16)	0.01 (0.03)		0.001 (0.003)	−0.005	0.008
WASO		−0.014 (0.008)	0.011 (0.03)		0.0001 (0.0001)	−0.001	0.001
SOL		−0.011 (0.010)	0.003 (0.03)		0.0001 (0.0001)	−0.001	0.001
TST		0.004 (0.003)	0.007 (0.03)		0.0001 (0.0001)	−0.001	0.001

WASO, wake after sleep onset; SOL, sleep onset latency; TST, total sleep time. c path represents the total effect from sleep variables to opioid use, and is the same for both mediators and only reported once. * indicates statistically significant regression pathway.