Fig. 1. HBV replication life cycle and open questions. A cartoon depicting topics summarised in this article, highlighting some of the currently unknown features of the HBV life cycle. cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA; iDNA, integrated HBV DNA; pgRNA, pre-genomic RNA; Smc5/6, structural maintenance of chromosomes 5/6 complex; HBx, hepatitis B virus X protein; ASOs, anti-sense oligonucleotides; m6A, N6-methyladenosine; RBPS, RNA-binding proteins; 5mC/hmC 5-methylcytosine/hydroxymethylcytosine.
