Cohen 2003.
Methods | Design: randomised controlled trial | |
Participants |
Number: 53 Age: mean 51.1 years (range 25 to 84) Gender: 15 men Setting: tertiary care centre Eligibility criteria: chronic vestibulopathy (labyrinthitis or neuronitis of more than 2 months) diagnosed by physician using posturography, calorics and oculomotor test battery Exclusion criteria: Ménière's disease, BPPV, acute vestibular neuronitis or labyrinthitis, significant orthopaedic limitations, a history of head trauma or neurologic disease, prior otologic disease or taking vestibular suppressants Baseline characteristics: no differences reported |
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Interventions |
Intervention group: VR (slow head exercises ‐ habituation) (n = 13) Comparator group 1: VR (rapid head exercises) (n = 22) Comparator group 2: VR (rapid plus attention) (n = 18) VR versus VR versus VR |
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Outcomes | Primary outcome: VSS Secondary outcomes: VD‐ADL, VHQ, DHI, VI, VF | |
Notes | 71 participants were recruited originally but this analysis only included those who completed all sessions and follow‐up assessments | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information about the sequence generation process |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Insufficient information about the method of allocation |
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Outcomes were questionnaires and not likely to be affected by bias |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Reasons for drop‐outs following initial assessment were reported although final numbers in each group were not |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Study protocol not available but all data appear to be reported |
Other bias | Low risk | The study appears to be free of other sources of bias |