Table 11.
Antineoplastic activity of D. viscosa.
| Part used | Extracts/essential oil | In vivo/In vitro | Cell lines | Key results | Geographic area | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaves | - Aqueous extract - Methanolic extract |
In vitro | - Malignant melanoma cell lines (A2058 and MeWo) - Normal fibroblasts |
The methanolic extract of D. viscosa inhibited growth in A2058 and MeWo melanoma cells, preferentially triggered apoptosis in cancerous cells over fibroblasts, and modulated miRNA expression within melanoma cells | Turkey | 99 |
| Aqueous extract | In vitro/In vivo | - colorectal cancer: HCT116 and Colo320 - Mouse murine adenocarcinoma cell line (MC38) |
In vitro: - The extract decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis at 30 μg/mL in HCT116 and colo320 cells. - Cell death is due to the activation of caspases by the extract In vivo: - The extract suppressed tumor growth in mice at 150–300 mg/kg, significantly reducing tumor weight and volume without side effects on liver and kidney function or causing weight, hair loss, or behavioral changes. |
Israel | 103 | |
| - Hexanic extract - Dichloromethane fractions |
In vitro | Cervical cancer: SiHa and HeLa cell lines | The extracts of D. viscosa demonstrated cytotoxicity against cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and HeLa, with IC50 values of 6.54 ± 1.46 μg/mL (Dichloromethane extract) and 13.17 ± 0.79 μg/mL (Hexane extract), respectively. This effect is attributed to the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis via a mitochondria-mediated pathway. | Morocco | 18 | |
| Methanolic extract | In vitro | - Breast cancer: MCF-7 MDA-MB-46 - PBMCs |
- Significant cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (IC50 = 2.75 ± 1.2 μg/mL) and MDA-MB-468 (IC50 = 20.43 ± 2.99 μg/mL) - No cytotoxic effect on normal cells PBMCs (IC50 > 50 μg/mL) |
Morocco | 83 | |
| ethanolic extract | In vivo/in vitro | - Colon carcinoma: HT29 - Nondifferentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma cells: Caco-2 |
- Inhibition of the proliferation of HT29 cancer cells (EC50 = 62.39 ± 0.34 μg/mL) - No toxicity on Caco-2 cells - Protective effect against ulcerative colitis. |
Algeria | 104 | |
| Aerial parts | Methanol extract Aqueous extract |
In vitro | Breast adenocarcinoma: MCF-7 Brain cancer: T98-G |
MCF-7: - Aqueous extract: IC50 > 200 μg/mL - Methanol extract: IC50 = 179.5 ± 2.0 μg/mL T98-G: - Aqueous extract: IC50 > 200 μg/mL - Methanol extract: IC50 = 121.1 ± 3.0 μg/mL |
Turkey | 22 |
| Ethanol extract | In vivo | Skin carcinoma induced in mice using DMBA and croton oil | D. viscosa extracts exhibited antitumor effects on skin carcinoma, suppressed papilloma development in mice, and delayed skin papilloma formation, reducing their size and count, with changes observable in treated mice skin histology | Morocco | 100 | |
| Ethanolic extract | In vitro | Burkitt lymphoma Raji cell line | The extract displayed strong antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on the Raji cell line, reducing cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner through G2/M phase arrest and increased apoptosis. The extract downregulated genes linked to cell cycle and proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis. The antineoplastic action rooted in the targeted downregulation of genes governing cell cycle and apoptosis. |
Italy | 105 | |
| - Ethanol extract - Ethyl Acetate extract |
In vitro | Breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cell lines | - Both extracts showed a moderate, dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cell lines. The highest growth inhibition was observed for Ethyl acetate extract: MCF-7 (IC50 = 186.20 ± 2.57 μg/mL) and MDA-MB231 (IC50 = 112.20 ± 1.28 μg/mL). - The toxicity is proportionate to the presence of tomentosin, inuviscolide, and isocostic acid in the extracts. |
Morocco | 102 | |
| - Aqueous extract - Ethanolic extract |
In vitro | Breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 Prostate cancer cell PC3 |
- Dose and time dependent effect, - Significant reduction in cell viability was particularly observed in MDA-MB-231 cells, which were sensitive to ethanolic extracts (12–22%), while PC3 cell lines were more sensitive to aqueous extracts (12–16%) after 72 h. - Ethanol extraction of aerial parts had a higher cytotoxic effect against PC3 cell lines with an IC50 of 2.32–5.34 μg/mL |
Turkey | 27 | |
| Essential oil | In vitro | - Cervical cancer: HeLa - Colon Cancer: HCT116 - Osteosarcoma: U2OS |
- The essential oil of Croatian D. viscosa exhibits potent antiproliferative activity on HeLa, HCT116, and U2OS cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.66, 0.12, and 0.7 mg/mL, respectively. - The hydrosol fraction significantly inhibits cell division with IC50 values indicating 21.70% for HeLa, 37.73% for HCT116, and 54.51% for U2OS. A decrease in GSH levels in hydrosol-treated HeLa cells suggests oxidative stress as a mechanism for tumor cell growth inhibition. - Key compounds identified include 1,8-Cineole, caryophyllene oxide, p-menth-1-en-9-ol, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. |
Croatia | 3 | |
| Flowers | Ethanolic extract | In vitro | Vero cell line | IC50 = 202.43 ± 3.70 μg/mL | Jordan | 106 |
| ND | Aqueous Extract | In vitro | - Breast carcinoma: MCF-7 - Glioblastoma cancer: C6 - Bone osteosarcoma: MG63 |
The extract showed significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (IC50 = 18.76 ± 1.64 μg/mL), compared to MG63 (IC50 = 20.67 ± 1.11 μg/mL), and C6 (IC50 = 25.47 ± 0.69 μg/mL) cell lines, with tomentosin largely contributing to this effect. | Turkey | 101 |
| 80% methanol and ethanol | In vitro | Breast cancer: MDA-MB-231 | The extract exhibited peak cytotoxic activity at 1 mg/mL concentration, as determined by MTT analysis, with reduced efficacy at concentrations below or above this level. This pattern, commonly reported for flavonoid extracts, suggests they act as antioxidants or pro-oxidants based on concentration and physiological context. | Turkey | 98 |
ND: Not determined.