Table 8.

Wound healing activity of D. viscosa.

Part Used	Extracts	Experimental approach	Key results	References
Leaves	Hydroethanolic extract	Wound Healing Test, Burn Wound Induction (on dorsal part)	Wound closure D. viscosa(10%) = 99.28 ± 0.44% (Day 21) Wound closure M. vulgare(10%) = 97.78 ± 4.95% (Day 21) Wound closure the mixture = 97.96 ± 2.91% (Day 21) Wound closure Madecassol® = 86.74 ± 9.9% (Day 21) The groups treated with D. viscosa and M. vulgare and their mixture had significant wound decrease after 21st day at a dosage of 500 mg/kg in comparison to the negative control, group and Madecassol® at (1%) as a positive control group.	91
	Ethanolic Extract	Wound Healing test: - Ointments Preparation	The wound in groups treated with the ointment containing D. viscosa 5% had significantly decreased the wound area on the 3, 9, and 12 days, in comparison to the negative control group, the ointment containing D. viscosa 2.5% and ointment containing (vehiculum) group.	76
Aerial parts	Aqueous extract	Wound induction in the dorsal area of the mice Observation of the wound diameter for 16 days	Wound area: 0.54 ± 0.12 at day 16 compared to 1.11 ± 0.18 at day 5 Control group 1.00 ± 0.15 at day 5 and 1.00 ± 0.43 at day 16 Histological analysis showed complete epithelialization and mature scar formation in the dermis. D. viscosa extract significantly outperformed Parietaria diffusa, Laurus nobilis, and Ajuga chia in wound healing efficacy, with Rubia tinctorum extract being the least effective.	93