Table 1.

Several standard phytochemical tests were conducted to identify the plant metabolites in the pericarp and seed extracts of S. apetala.

P.chemical group	Tests	Observations
Saponins	i)Frothing: 1/2 mg of pericarp extract and seed extract were taken in the test tube and shaken vigorously with distilled water (5 mg). ii)Emulsification: Approximately 2 mg of each crude extract was added to a few drops of olive oil and shaken well.	i)Frothing was not formed. ii)No emulsified layer was formed.
Flavonoids	i)Alkaline reagent test: Aqueous sol. of each extract was made, mixed with 5 mL of a dilute sol. of ammonia, and added with conc. H2SO4. ii)Lead acetate test: 1–3 mL solution of 10 % lead acetate was added to small amounts of each extract.	i)A buff-colored precipitate has been found. ii)A yellow color has appeared.
Alkaloids	i)Mayer's test: 1 mL of each extract, one/two drops of Mayer's reagent (Mixture of HgCl2 and KI with DI) was given by side tube. ii)Hager's test: Hager's reagent was added to a small amount of each filtrate extract.	i)White or creamy precipitate. ii)Yellowish precipitate.
Carbohydrates	i)Molisch's test: To 2 mL of each crude filtrate extract, a few drops of Molisch's reagent (solution of α-naphthol and 10 % ethanol) were added by the side of the test tube.	i)A reddish-violet ring was formed between two layers.
Anthraquinones	i)Borntrager's test: 5 mg of each crude extract was added to 5 mL of suitable organic reagent in a test tube and shaken well. Then, 10 % ammonia solution was added in equal volumes.	i)No red/pink/violet color was observed.
Steroids	Liebermann-Burchard's test: 1 mL of acetic acid and 1 mL of chloroform mixed with 0.0 °C. Then, the combined solution was mixed with each crude extract and conc. H2SO4 was added.	i)A greenish color was observed.
Terpenoids	i)Salkowski's test: 2 mL of each crude extract was mixed carefully with 1 mL CHCl3 and 1 mL conc. H2SO4.	i)A ring of reddish brown color was observed.
Tannins	i)Lead acetate test: 5 mL of each crude extract was mixed with a solution of 1 % lead acetate (a few drops) in the test tube.	i)Yellowish/reddish precipitate.
Glycosides	i)Keller-KiIliani test: Glacial acetic acid, 5 % FeCl3 and conc. H2SO4 was added to each of the crude extracts. ii)Concentrated H2SO4 test: 5 mL of each crude extract was added to glacial acetic acid (2 mL) few drops of 5 % FeCl3 and conc. H2SO4.	i)A reddish-brown color was observed at the junction of two layers. ii)Appearance of the brown ring.
Coumarins	i)10 mg of crude extract was added to 5 mL of MeOH, and a few drops of KOH (alcoholic) were added.	i)Yellow color in the upper layer.