Table 2.
Risk factors for all-cause and AIDS-related mortality in univariable and multivariable adjusted Poisson regression models.
| Risk Factor | All-cause |
AIDS |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR (95% CI) | aIRR (95% CI) | IRR (95% CI) | aIRR (95% CI) | |
| Age | ||||
| Per 1 year older | 1.03 (1.02, 1.03) | 1.06 (1.06, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) |
| Time Period (ref: 2001–2010) | ||||
| 2011–2015 | 0.74 (0.68, 0.82) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.87) | 0.45 (0.36, 0.56) | 0.54 (0.42, 0.68) |
| 2016–2020 | 0.77 (0.7, 0.84) | 0.77 (0.69, 0.85) | 0.29 (0.22, 0.37) | 0.45 (0.34, 0.6) |
| Gender (ref: Male) | ||||
| Female | 0.71 (0.64, 0.78) | 0.79 (0.71, 0.87) | 0.75 (0.61, 0.93) | 0.64 (0.5, 0.81) |
| HIV transmission risk (ref: MSM) | ||||
| IDU | 2.19 (2, 2.39) | 2.08 (1.87, 2.31) | 2.3 (1.85, 2.85) | 1.18 (0.91, 1.51) |
| Heterosexual contact | 0.95 (0.85, 1.06) | 1.01 (0.9, 1.14) | 1.46 (1.16, 1.83) | 1.2 (0.93, 1.55) |
| Other/unknown | 1.2 (1.01, 1.42) | 1.08 (0.91, 1.28) | 1.17 (0.78, 1.76) | 0.89 (0.59, 1.36) |
| Region (ref: Western) | ||||
| Central Eastern | 0.79 (0.69, 0.89) | 1 (0.88, 1.14) | 1.33 (1.02, 1.74) | 1.44 (1.09, 1.91) |
| Eastern | 1.55 (1.4, 1.71) | 1.5 (1.33, 1.69) | 3.82 (3.16, 4.61) | 2.25 (1.74, 2.9) |
| Immunologic/Virologic status (ref: Good) | ||||
| Poor | 8.54 (7.63, 9.57) | 7.61 (6.68, 8.68) | 66.66 (45.08, 98.58) | 37.63 (24.89, 56.87) |
| Intermediate | 3.08 (2.79, 3.39) | 2.82 (2.55, 3.12) | 8.83 (5.94, 13.14) | 6.82 (4.56, 10.19) |
| Unknown | 4.26 (3.51, 5.18) | 4.2 (3.39, 5.2) | 44.06 (28.22, 68.79) | 22.6 (14.04, 36.37) |
| Current ART history (ref: On ART) | ||||
| Off ART | 3.91 (3.5, 4.37) | 2.42 (2.14, 2.74) | 7.38 (5.97, 9.13) | 2.4 (1.91, 3.03) |
| ART naïve | 1.5 (1.28, 1.76) | 1.17 (0.98, 1.4) | 3.52 (2.69, 4.62) | 1.06 (0.78, 1.44) |
| Active TB history (ref: No history of TB) | ||||
| History of TB, pre-baseline | 1.76 (1.53, 2.02) | 1.45 (1.26, 1.67) | 2.75 (2.08, 3.63) | 2.27 (1.71, 3.03) |
| Incident TB during follow-up | 5.55 (4.63, 6.65) | 3.33 (2.75, 4.03) | 23.27 (18.39, 29.45) | 11.43 (8.75, 14.93) |
| Smoking history (ref: Never smoker) | ||||
| Former smoker | 1.31 (1.15, 1.48) | 1.15 (1, 1.31) | 1.02 (0.77, 1.33) | 1.02 (0.77, 1.36) |
| Current smoker | 1.8 (1.6, 2.02) | 1.55 (1.37, 1.76) | 1.33 (1.05, 1.69) | 1.07 (0.82, 1.39) |
| Unknown | 0.84 (0.71, 0.98) | 0.79 (0.67, 0.93) | 0.74 (0.53, 1.03) | 0.82 (0.58, 1.15) |
IRR: univariate, unadjusted incidence Rate Ratio; aIRR: adjusted incidence Rate Ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; IDU: Injecting Drug Use; MSM: Men having sex with men; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; TB: tuberculosis; VL: viral load.
Multivariable models were adjusted for age, gender, mode of HIV transmission, region, and time-varying IVS, current ART, active TB, time-period under follow-up, and smoking status.