Table 1. Various biomedical applications of lauric acid.

DPP-IV: dipeptidyl peptidase IV; HMG-CoA: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA; CDK: cyclin-dependent kinase; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor

Biomedical applications of lauric acid
Implications in the nervous system	Prevent neuronal damage	Reduce the activation of microglial cells through the GPR40-dependent pathway
Cardiovascular implications	Reduce secondary coronary artery disease.	Reduce waist circumference and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.
Anti-diabetic activity	Reduce secondary diabetic complications.	Induce inhibition of the aldose reductase enzyme and DPP-IV
Hypolipidemic activity	Inhibit cholesterol synthesis.	Reduce lipoprotein lipase and HMG-CoA reductase activity and lower the HMG/Mevalonate ratio.
Blood pressure control	Decrease the resistance of blood vessels	Alter Ca+2 channels and induces oxidative stress reduction in the kidney and heart.
Antitumor activity	Affect the viability of breast, endometrial, oral cancer cells, HepG2, and intestinal cells.	Increase expression of the CDK inhibitor p21Cip1/WAF1, through the PI3K/AKT pathway, downregulation of EGFR signaling, and cell apoptosis
Liver protection	Protect from ethanol-induced liver toxicity.	Neutralize superoxides and prevent lipid peroxidation and antioxidant depletion
Protection against benign prostatic hyperplasia	Reduce testosterone-induced hyperplasia	Reduce the prostate weight and downregulate the associated markers
Prevention of neuroinflammation	Maintain neural health	Maintain the cellular redox balance and mitochondrial health
Antimicrobial activity	Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity	Cause membrane lysis by increasing cellular permeability