Table 3.

Associations between select autoimmune conditions and all primary pancreatic cancers by histological subtypes in the SEER-Medicare database, 1992–2015^a

Autoimmune conditions	Control	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomab			Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorsc
	N = 320,296	N = 76,321	ORd (95% CI)	P value	N = 2,102	OR (95% CI)	P value
Ankylosing spondylitis	260	92	1.42 (1.12–1.81)	0.004	<11	1.88 (0.70–5.08)	0.21
Graves’ disease	1,010	307	1.18 (1.04–1.35)	0.01	<11	1.25 (0.65–2.43)	0.50
Localized scleroderma	522	155	1.24 (1.03–1.48)	0.02	<11	1.90 (0.85–4.28)	0.12
Pernicious anemia	6,112	1,724	1.08 (1.02–1.14)	0.008	45	1.19 (0.89–1.61)	0.25
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	602	271	1.38 (1.19–1.60)	2.8 × 10 −5	<11	0.87 (0.36–2.13)	0.77
Pure red cell aplasia	1,074	396	1.33 (1.18–1.49)	2.9 × 10 −6	<11	0.69 (0.29–1.67)	0.41
Type 1 diabetes	15,932	5,529	1.11 (1.07–1.15)	2.2 × 10 −9	146	1.02 (0.85–1.23)	0.79
Ulcerative colitis	1,585	477	1.16 (1.05–1.29)	0.005	23	1.78 (1.17–2.70)	0.007

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; FDR, false discovery rate; HMO, health maintenance organization; ICD-O, International Classification of Diseases for Oncology; IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; NOS, not otherwise specified; OR, odds ratio; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PNETs, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results.

^aAutoimmune conditions showing the strongest associations with all primary pancreatic cancer cases by the univariate model in Table 2 (P_FDR value < 0.10) were presented in this table. Results for pancreatic cancer subtypes other than PDAC or PNETs were not shown due to very small sample size. Cells with < 11 observations and any cell that could be used to derive the value of a cell with < 11 observations were suppressed to comply with SEER-Medicare data use agreement.

^bPDAC group was comprised of the following histological subtypes (ICD-O morphology codes): ductal adenocarcinoma, NOS (8140); ductal adenocarcinoma, excluding cystic/mucinous (8255, 8490, 8500, 8507, 8510, 8514, 8521, 8523, 8560, 8570); ductal, poorly specified (8000, 8010); ductal, specified as arising from an IPMN (8144, 8450, 8453, 8471, 8503); ductal, specified as cystic adenocarcinoma (8440, 8470, 8504); ductal, specified as mucinous adenocarcinoma (8480, 8481); other specified adenocarcinoma (8145, 8460).

^cPNETs group consisted of the following histological subtypes (ICD-O morphology codes): endocrine, carcinoid (8240, 8243, 8244, 8245); endocrine, non-secretory (8150, 8246); endocrine, secretory (8151, 8152, 8153, 8155).

^dMultivariable-adjusted unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate OR and 95% CI, adjusting for age (grouped as 66–69, 70–74, 75–79, 80–84, 85–89, 90–99 years), sex, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Asian, Hispanic, other/unknown), calendar year of diagnosis/selection (1992–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2009, 2010–2015), geographic region (SEER registry), Medicaid eligibility (ever, never), average number of physician visits per 6 months in the 5 years before diagnosis/selection (quintiles), average duration of Medicare part A, B, non-HMO coverage (quintiles), Medicare low-income subsidy (ever, never, unknown), overweight/obesity (ever, never diagnosed), smoking behavior-related diagnoses (ever, never diagnosed), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ever, never diagnosed), alcohol-related diagnoses (ever, never diagnosed), type 2 diabetes mellitus (ever, never diagnosed), acute/chronic pancreatitis (ever, never diagnosed).

NOTE: Associations that passed Benjamini-Hochberg correction (FDR = 0.10) were considered statistically significant and shown in bold.