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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 21.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet. 2022 Sep 5;400(10356):921–972. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01273-9

Figure 13: Association between proposed COPD types, endotypes, and phenotypes.

Figure 13:

The proposed COPD types probably result from varying molecular mechanisms (endotypes) that in turn result in the observable phenotypes of the disease.

COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease