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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 21.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet. 2022 Sep 5;400(10356):921–972. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01273-9

Table 4:

Ambiguous terms used to define exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Ambiguity
Sustained What duration of symptoms defines “sustained”?
Worsening Which components of disease are getting worse?
Beyond Occurring after how much time?
Acute How quickly does a symptom have to emerge to be judged “acute”?
Might warrant Does it require or not require treatment?