Figure 10.

The features of CD11b⁺CD33⁺HLA-DR^-/lowCD14^- G-MDSCs shifted from immunostimulatory to immunosuppressive within 90 days after allo-HSCT. As the post-transplantation period lengthens, the tissue damage induced by preconditioning progressively reduces, while the impact of persistent recipient antigen stimulation and the administration of immunosuppressive medications gradually intensifies. The quantity of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) and the intracellular oxidative stress protein, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), experiences a transition from an initial rise to a subsequent gradual decline. In parallel, the intracellular interleukin-10 (IL-10) increased. Throughout this process, genes with elevated expression undergo changes, accompanied by shifts in enriched pathways. Finally, by day 90, the function of G-MDSCs in promoting T cell proliferation shifts from initial promotion to an inhibitory role.