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. 2024 Jul 8;15:1403272. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403272

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Copyright © 2024 Ni, Cui, Yang, Ding, Zhao, Hu, Zhan, Kang, Hu, Zhao, Xu, Chen, Liu, Zhao, Zhang, Huang, Li, Yang, Zhang, Zhang, Deng, Yang, Lu and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characterization of G-MDSCs in patients within 90 days. (A) Wright-Giemsa stain cytospin preparations reveal the morphological characteristics of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) across various time points. (B) Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the apoptosis ratio of G-MDSCs cultured in vitro at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h (n=3). Bars indicate the mean value of replicates with error bars indicating the standard error of the mean. (C) The proportion of G-MDSCs in patients was determined, after purification from fresh blood on a density gradient using Ficoll-Paque. (D) Leukocytes were isolated from whole blood using Polymorphprep, which separates the leukocytes into upper and lower layers based on density differences. LDN, low-density neutrophils; HDN, high-density neutrophils; RBC, red blood cells.