Table 3.
Mean (standard deviation) kinematic data reported for the trophy position.
| Authors | Condition | Neck | Trunk | Shoulder | Elbow | Forearm | Wrist | Pelvis | Hip | Knee | Ankle | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | Incl | RA | F | Incl | RA | Tilt | F | Ab | RA | El | F | P/S | F | RA | F | Front F | Back F | Front F | Back F | ||
| Brocherie and Dinu (20) | Male | 79.3 (5.5) | 79.1 (6.1) | 70.6 (9.1) | |||||||||||||||||
| Female | 78.1 (7.1) | 78.5 (0.3) | 73.2 (0.7) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Elliott et al. (1) | Male | 52.2 (20.1) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Female | 53.9 (22.9) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fadier et al. (25) | – | 59.0 (12.0) | 46.0 (10.0) | 8.0 (9.0) | 7.0 (5.0) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fadier et al. (22) | – | 61.0 (10.0) | 53.0 (21.0) | 12.0 (6.0) | 10.0 (6.0) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fenter et al. (23) | 74.4 (13.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fett et al. (24) | Ad-side | 120.5 (10.3) | 69.5 (15.0) | 75.0 (10.6) | |||||||||||||||||
| Deuce-side | 105.6 (9.5) | 71.6 (15.7) | 77.6 (9.6) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gillet et al. (26) | Without fatigue | 0.5 (-) | 78.0 (-) | 60.0 (-) | |||||||||||||||||
| With fatigue | 3.0 (-) | 78.0 (-) | 60.0 (-) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hornestam et al. (27) | SKF | 55.6 (8.7) | |||||||||||||||||||
| GKF | 74.7 (5.9) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Konda et al. (28) | – | 63.0 (16.0) | 74.0 (18.0) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mourtzios et al. (13) | Flat serve | 59.2 (17.8) | 65.7 (14.5) | −6.8 (22.0) | −0.3 (22.3) | ||||||||||||||||
| Slice serve | 62.9 (19.4) | 73.1 (15.7) | −8.7 (15.5) | −1.6 (25.9) | |||||||||||||||||
| Topspin serve | 66.2 (17.9) | 82.8 (12.8) | −8.3 (19.0) | −19.8 (3.4) | |||||||||||||||||
| Reid et al. (29) | Foot up | 30.5 (6.4) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foot back | 31.1 (7.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mini leg drive | 32.1 (4.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Reid and Giblin (12) | Normal serve | 34.3 (7.6) | 79.5 (8.2) | 100.9 (21.0) | |||||||||||||||||
| Arabesque serve | 28.3 (10.9) | 81.1 (8.1) | 96.2 (4.8) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rogowski et al. (30) | – | 18 (12) | 66 (27) | 76 (15) | |||||||||||||||||
| Touzard et al. (11) | R23 | 55.0 (11.0) | 52.0 (15.0) | 9.0 (7.0) | 9.0 (6.0) | ||||||||||||||||
| R25 | 59.0 (9.0) | 54.0 (16.0) | 11.0 (8.0) | 11.0 (8.0) | |||||||||||||||||
| R27 | 60.0 (9.0) | 53.0 (16.0) | 9.0 (8.0) | 11.0 (7.0) | |||||||||||||||||
| Tubez et al. (32) | Prepubescent | 4.0 (10.0) | 62.0 (8.0) | 75.0 (14.0) | 107.0 (30.0) | 10.0 (9.0) | 47.0 (21.0) | 45.0 (19.0) | |||||||||||||
| Pubescent | 9.0 (14.0) | 57.0 (15.0) | 67.0 (24.0) | 85.0 (14.0) | 16.0 (11.0) | 68.0 (6.0) | 64.0 (9.0) | ||||||||||||||
| Adult | 15. (10.0) | 27.0 (15.0) | 88.0 (16.0) | 88.0 (21.0) | 2.0 (10.0) | 63.0 (8.0) | 62.0 (5.0) | ||||||||||||||
| Tubez et al. (32) | Laboratory 1 | 14.5 (9.8) | 20.6 (11.3) | 65.0 (14.0) | 79.0 (11.0) | ||||||||||||||||
| Laboratory 2 | 17.6 (9.6) | 19.0 (9.1) | 64.0 (14.0) | 76.0 (9.0) | |||||||||||||||||
| Wang et al. (34) | Expert | −15.4 (21.9) | 26.5 (13.0) | 15.5 (15.6) | 56.8 (19.4) | 111.1 (79.0) | 98.9 (15.7) | 5.5 (11.2) | 6.4 (4.8) | ||||||||||||
| Non-expert | 16.8 (76.2) | 10.4 (5.4) | 27.3 (25.5) | 60.7 (14.6) | 91.0 (76.9) | 77.8 (35.1) | 12.9 (41.5) | 12.0 (55.4) | |||||||||||||
| Whiteside et al. (35) | Children | 29.0 (8.0) | 34.0 (7.0) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Teenagers | 23.0 (6.0) | 46.0 (8.0) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Profesionnals | 25.0 (3.0) | 44.0 (1.0) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Whiteside et al. (6) | Prepubescent | 30.0 (7.0) | 37.0 (12.0) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pubescent | 25.0 (6.0) | 42.0 (7.0) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adult | 17.0 (11.0) | 43.0 (7.0) | |||||||||||||||||||
F, flexion; Incl, inclination; RA, axial rotation; Ab, abduction; Tilt, absolute inclination; El, elevation; P/S, pronation/supination; R23-R25-R27, tennis racket size: scaled 23-inches, scaled 25-inches and full-size 27-inches; SKF, smaller knee flexion; GKF, greater knee flexion.
Negative values for “Trunk F” and “Ankles F” represent extension.