Table 3.
Plasma concentrations at rest before (PRE), after 7 (MID) and 14 days (POST) following optimal (OEA) (n = 11) and low (LEA) energy availability (n = 12) and after three days of refueling (REF). * Denotes differences from PRE within diet. # Denotes differences from POST within diet. Significance code: *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ##P < 0.01.
| Optimal energy availability (OEA) |
Low energy availability (LEA) |
Interaction Time x treatment |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRE | MID | POST | REF | PRE | MID | POST | REF | ||
| Cortisol (nmol × L−1) | 719 ± 258 | 757 ± 265 | 676 ± 244 | 677 ± 276 | 666 ± 245 | 738 ± 251 |
821 ± 318 *** |
679 ± 240 ## | 0.002 |
| hsCRP (mg × L−1) | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.2 ± 1.3 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.523 |
| Creatine Kinase (U × L−1) | 136 ± 82 | 143 ± 67 | 115 ± 53 | 152 ± 69 | 126 ± 67 | 149 ± 98 | 169 ± 126 | 169 ± 128 | 0.212 |
| Estradiol (nmol × L−1) | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.429 | ||||
| Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (IU × L−1) | 4.8 ± 5.1 | 4.7 ± 3.0 | 4.8 ± 3.3 | 5.2 ± 3.4 | 0.706 | ||||
| Luteinizing hormone (LH) (IU × L−1) | 4.6 ± 4.5 | 3.3 ± 2.4 | 6.0 ± 7.9 | 3.8 ± 3.3 | 0.685 | ||||
| Progesterone (nmol × L−1) | 1.7 ± 2.5 | 6.3 ± 12.1 | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 6.3 ± 13 | 0.928 | ||||
| Testosterone (nmol × L−1) | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
0.8 ± 0.3 * |
0.097 | ||||
Data are presented as mean ± SD.