Table 1.
In-vitro susceptibility of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected in 2012–2021.
| Organism | % Susceptibility (no. of isolates tested) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibiotic | 2012–2013a | 2014–2015a | 2016b | 2015–2016c | 2017d | 2017–2019e | 2017–2020f | 2018–2020g | 2021h | |
| References | Su et al. [16] | Su et al. [16] | Liao et al. [10] | Kuo et al. [8] | Jean et al. [11] | Lob et al. [13] | Lee et al. [12] | Liu et al. [14] | Karlowsky et al. [15] | |
| Inclusion criteria | -a | -a | ICU, GNB | LRTI | BSI | ICU, LRTI | CnSE | CnSPA | CRPA | |
| Escherichia coli | C/T | – | 93.6 (125) | 88 (100) | 91.9 (247) | 94.3 (686) | – | 7.7 (26) | – | – |
| IPM | – | 100 (125) | 99 (100) | 97.7 (476) | – | – | 76.9 (26) | – | – | |
| MEM | – | 100 (125) | 100 (100) | 98.0 (247) | – | – | 76.9 (26) | – | – | |
| Proteus mirabilis | C/T | – | 100 (30) | – | 100 (45) | – | – | – | – | – |
| IPM | – | 33.3 (30) | – | 53.7 (82) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MEM | – | 100 (30) | – | 100 (45) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | C/T | – | 100 (30) | – | 98.1 (52) | – | – | – | – | – |
| IPM | – | 96.7 (30) | – | 100 (95) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MEM | – | 100 (30) | – | 100 (52) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | C/T | – | 75.2 (125) | 80 (100) | 81.9 (569) | 84.1 (673) | 72.6 (201) | 9.7 (175) | – | – |
| IPM | – | 88.8 (125) | 91 (100) | 94.9 (1226) | – | 83.6 (201) | 27.4 (175) | – | – | |
| MEM | – | 94.4 (125) | 92 (100) | 94.4 (569) | – | 90.6 (201) | 42.9 (175) | – | – | |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | C/T | – | 66.7 (15) | – | 89.6 (67) | – | – | – | – | – |
| IPM | – | 60.0 (15) | – | 95.1 (123) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MEM | – | 93.3 (15) | – | 100 (67) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Morganella morganii | C/T | – | 100 (15) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| IPM | – | 0 (15) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MEM | – | 100 (15) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Citrobacter koseri | C/T | – | 93.3 (15) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| IPM | – | 100 (15) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MEM | – | 100 (15) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Citrobacter freundii | C/T | – | 60.0 (15) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| IPM | – | 73.3 (15) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MEM | – | 100 (15) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Serratia marcescens | C/T | – | 81.3 (16) | – | 90.0 (99) | – | – | – | – | – |
| IPM | – | 87.5 (16) | – | 64.8 (199) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MEM | – | 93.8 (16) | – | 97 (99) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Enterobacter cloacae | C/T | – | 76.7 (60) | – | 76.6 (124) | – | – | – | – | – |
| IPM | – | 80.0 (60) | – | 94.8 (229) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| MEM | – | 100 (60) | – | 96.8 (124) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | C/T | 91.3 (23) | 94.4 (126) | 93 (100) | 92.3 (765) | – | 94.0 (267) | – | 81.3 (150) | 91.8 (73) |
| IPM | 21.7 (23) | 65.9 (126) | 66 (100) | 78.8 (1574) | – | 69.7 (267) | – | 0 (150) | 1.4 (73) | |
| MEM | 21.7 (23) | 79.4 (126) | 77 (100) | 77.9 (765) | – | 8 (267) | – | 33.3 (150) | 27.4 (73) | |
Note. -, no available data; C/T, ceftolozane/tazobactam; IPM, imipenem; MEM, meropenem; ICU, intensive care unit; GNB, Gram-negative bacteria; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; BSI, bloodstream isolate; CnSE, carbapenem-nonsusceptible Enterobacterales; CnSPA, carbapenem-nonsusceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Taiwan SMART, Surveillance of Multicenter Antimicrobial Resistance in Taiwan Program; Asian SMART, Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Asian surveillance programme.
Organisms were isolated from specimens of intra-abdomen (n = 223), respiratory tract (n = 153), urinary tract (n = 149), skin and soft tissue (n = 55), blood (n = 11) and others (n = 8) from 9 medical centers in Taiwan. The susceptible breakpoints of TOL/TAZ for Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa were MIC of ≤2/4 μg/mL and ≤4/4 μg/mL respectively [16].
Organisms were collected from the intensive care units of seven teaching hospitals in Taiwan (Taiwan SMART 2016) [10].
Organisms were isolated from lower respiratory tract infections in 33 hospitals in the Asia-Pacific region, including 8 hospitals (1533 isolates) in Taiwan (Asian SMART 2015–2016) [8].
Organisms were bloodstream isolates including community- and hospital-acquired isolates collected from 16 teaching hospitals across Taiwan (Taiwan SMART 2017) [11].
Organisms were LRTI isolates from 37 ICUs in seven Asian countries, including 8 sites (914 isolates) in Taiwan (Asian SMART 2017–2019) [13].
Organisms (MIC >1 μg/mL for imipenem, meropenem or doripenem, or > 0.5 μg/mL for eartapenem) were collected from 16 hospitals in Taiwan (Taiwan SMART 2017–2020) [12].
Organisms (imipenem MIC >2 μg/mL) were collected from 16 hospitals in Taiwan (Taiwan SMART 2018–2020) [14].
Organisms (imipenem MIC >8 μg/mL) were collected from 9 hospitals in Taiwan (Taiwan SMART 2021) [15].