TABLE 1.

Influence of probiotic bacteria on tight junction proteins.

Bacterial strain	Experimental subject	Tight junction protein increased (↑) or decreased (↓)	References
Lactobacillus reuteri I5007	Newborn piglets	Occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1 protein level ↑	Yang et al. (2015)
L. reuteri	Sprague–Dawley rats with acute liver failure	Occludin and ZO-1 expression ↑	Zhou et al. (2022)
L. reuteri DSM 17938 and 1563F	Enterotoxigenic E. coli -infected IPEC-J2 cells	ZO-1 expression ↑	Karimi eta. (2018)
L. reuteri ZJ617	LPS-injected C57black/6 mice	Occludin and claudin-3 expression ↑	Cui et al. (2017)
L. plantarum WCFS1	Duodenum of healthy people	Occludin and ZO-1 fluorescent intensity ↑	Karczewski et al. (2010)
L. plantarum WCFS1	Small intestine of healthy people	Claudin-5 expression ↓	Mujagic et al. (2017)
L. plantarum CIP48	Small intestine of healthy people	Claudin-19 expression ↓	Mujagic et al. (2017)
L. plantarum MB452	Caco-2 cell line	Occludin, ZO-1, ZO-2 fluorescent intensity ↑	Anderson et al. (2010)
L. acidophilus	IL-1β-induced Caco-2 cells	Occludin ↑ and claudin-1 expression ↓	Guo et al. (2017)
L. rhamnosus GG	LPS-injected C57black/6 mice	Occludin and claudin-3 expression ↑	Cui et al. (2017)
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ST-III	Caco-2 cell line	ZO-1 expression ↑	Zhang et al. (2024)
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus KF7	Caco-2 cell line	Occludin and ZO-1 expression ↓	Zhang et al. (2024)
Bifidobacterium infantis	IL-1β-induced Caco-2 cells	Occludin ↑ and claudin-1 expression ↓	Guo et al. (2017)
B. infantis	IFN-γ or TNF-α-induced T84 cells	Occludin ↑, claudin-2 ↓, ZO-1 expression ↑	Ewaschuk et al. (2008)
B. bifidum	TNF-α-induced Caco-2 cells	Occludin expression ↑	Hsieh et al. (2015)

Abbreviations: ZO, zonula occludens; IPEC-J2, intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line derived from the jejunum of a neonatal piglet; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; Caco-2, cancer coli (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells); IL-1β, interleukin 1β; T84, transplantable human carcinoma cell line; IFN-γ, interferon γ; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.