Table 2.
Statistical analysis of the identified disease-related stages and clinical indicators
| stage A | stage B | stage C | stage A (A+) | stage B (A+) | stage C (A+) | stage A (T+) | stage B (T+) | stage C (T+) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of follow-up visits | 2723 | 1409 | 1692 | 419 | 229 | 433 | 366 | 164 | 370 |
| AGE (mean (SD)), y | 71.86 (7.24) | 78.80 (6.07) | 75.94 (7.45) | 72.18 (6.73) | 77.96 (5.56) | 74.93 (7.33) | 72.53 (6.91) | 78.98 (5.30) | 74.91 (7.49) |
| PTEDUCAT (mean (SD)), y | 16.02 (2.75) | 16.19 (2.65) | 15.21 (3.03) | 15.97 (2.78) | 16.62 (2.58) | 15.49 (2.87) | 15.99 (2.77) | 16.45 (2.42) | 15.40 (2.91) |
| Label (%) | |||||||||
| CN | 225 (8.3) | 161 (11.4) | 0 (0.0) | 24 (5.7) | 25 (10.9) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (6.0) | 25 (15.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| MCI | 2198 (80.7) | 1072 (76.1) | 439 (25.9) | 324 (77.3) | 185 (80.8) | 118 (27.3) | 274 (74.9) | 126 (76.8) | 101 (27.3) |
| Dementia | 300 (11.0) | 176 (12.5) | 1253 (74.1) | 71 (16.9) | 19 (8.3) | 315 (72.7) | 70 (19.1) | 13 (7.9) | 269 (72.7) |
| Male gender (vs. female %) | 1475 (54.2) | 996 (70.7) | 946 (55.9) | 240 (57.3) | 156 (68.1) | 249 (57.5) | 194 (53.0) | 101 (61.6) | 202 (54.6) |
| APOE4 (%) | |||||||||
| Non-carriers | 1355 (49.8) | 839 (59.5) | 531 (31.4) | 109 (26.0) | 117 (51.1) | 121 (27.9) | 108 (29.5) | 92 (56.1) | 100 (27.0) |
| 1 allele | 1036 (38.0) | 461 (32.7) | 871 (51.5) | 227 (54.2) | 93 (40.6) | 219 (50.6) | 192 (52.5) | 63 (38.4) | 187 (50.5) |
| 2 alleles | 332 (12.2) | 109 (7.7) | 290 (17.1) | 83 (19.8) | 19 (8.3) | 93 (21.5) | 66 (18.0) | 9 (5.5) | 83 (22.4) |
| CDRSB (mean (SD)) | 1.60 (1.72) | 1.86 (1.83) | 4.61 (2.79) | 2.08 (2.04) | 1.70 (1.67) | 4.37 (2.46) | 2.14 (2.00) | 1.62 (1.77) | 4.39 (2.48) |
| ADAS11 (mean (SD)) | 9.61 (5.90) | 9.75 (5.03) | 20.96 (8.93) | 11.16 (6.62) | 9.90 (4.71) | 20.28 (7.86) | 11.43 (6.59) | 9.98 (5.07) | 20.20 (7.95) |
| ADAS13 (mean (SD)) | 15.25 (8.47) | 15.73 (7.14) | 31.54 (10.55) | 17.95 (8.81) | 15.82 (6.56) | 30.94 (9.02) | 18.42 (8.61) | 15.70 (7.14) | 30.85 (9.05) |
| ADASQ4 (mean (SD)) | 5.01 (2.82) | 5.00 (2.33) | 8.72 (1.77) | 6.05 (2.70) | 4.93 (2.24) | 8.84 (1.37) | 6.32 (2.59) | 4.84 (2.33) | 8.89 (1.33) |
| MMSE (mean (SD)) | 27.51 (2.63) | 27.48 (2.58) | 22.38 (4.23) | 26.96 (2.90) | 27.31 (2.40) | 22.76 (3.82) | 26.83 (2.81) | 27.39 (2.56) | 22.76 (3.86) |
| RAVLT_immediate (mean (SD)) | 35.61 (12.12) | 33.61 (9.87) | 21.01 (8.55) | 32.75 (10.35) | 34.64 (9.21) | 21.72 (7.18) | 32.21 (10.12) | 35.31 (9.43) | 21.74 (7.18) |
| RAVLT_learning (mean (SD)) | 4.16 (2.67) | 4.12 (2.58) | 1.71 (1.83) | 3.69 (2.53) | 4.41 (2.55) | 1.73 (1.70) | 3.56 (2.48) | 4.65 (2.54) | 1.62 (1.66) |
| RAVLT_forgetting (mean (SD)) | 4.49 (2.53) | 4.54 (2.61) | 4.20 (1.85) | 5.13 (2.44) | 4.76 (2.39) | 4.45 (1.89) | 5.23 (2.42) | 4.62 (2.65) | 4.48 (1.88) |
| RAVLT_perc_forgetting (mean (SD)) | 59.47 (35.37) | 58.26 (41.46) | 91.49 (21.11) | 69.16 (37.96) | 58.13 (29.70) | 91.29 (21.33) | 72.22 (30.44) | 55.59 (31.46) | 92.39 (19.22) |
| TRABSCOR (mean (SD)) | 103.34 (62.57) | 125.26 (71.48) | 206.89 (94.56) | 115.13 (66.25) | 135.52 (70.89) | 203.92 (88.41) | 112.46 (65.88) | 127.82 (69.86) | 203.11 (88.34) |
| FAQ (mean (SD)) | 3.48 (5.49) | 4.61 (6.03) | 13.26 (8.21) | 5.14 (6.22) | 3.76 (5.09) | 12.61 (7.76) | 5.32 (6.29) | 3.31 (5.19) | 12.65 (7.72) |
| mPACCdigit (mean (SD)) | −5.05 (5.88) | −5.13 (5.13) | −15.66 (6.66) | −7.49 (5.88) | −5.70 (4.37) | −15.38 (5.17) | −7.90 (5.66) | −5.26 (4.86) | −15.50 (5.32) |
| mPACCtrailsB (mean (SD)) | −4.56 (5.56) | −5.12 (4.87) | −15.14 (6.43) | −6.71 (5.51) | −5.71 (4.03) | −14.85 (4.90) | −7.02 (5.45) | −5.29 (4.51) | −14.89 (5.08) |
| Ventricles/ICV (mean (SD)), % | 2.12 (0.94) | 3.60 (1.41) | 3.41 (1.41) | 2.30 (1.00) | 3.86 (1.36) | 3.29 (1.39) | 2.15 (0.95) | 3.44 (1.44) | 3.14 (1.32) |
| Hippocampus/ICV (mean (SD)), % | 0.47 (0.08) | 0.39 (0.06) | 0.36 (0.07) | 0.44 (0.08) | 0.39 (0.06) | 0.37 (0.07) | 0.44 (0.08) | 0.40 (0.06) | 0.37 (0.06) |
| WholeBrain/ICV (mean (SD)), % | 69.30 (5.11) | 62.57 (4.06) | 62.68 (4.83) | 68.74 (5.12) | 62.41 (3.73) | 63.39 (4.51) | 68.32 (5.14) | 62.73 (4.18) | 63.66 (4.54) |
| Entorhinal/ICV (mean (SD)), % | 0.24 (0.05) | 0.21 (0.05) | 0.18 (0.04) | 0.23 (0.05) | 0.21 (0.05) | 0.18 (0.04) | 0.22 (0.06) | 0.21 (0.05) | 0.18 (0.04) |
| Fusiform/ICV (mean (SD)), % | 1.20 (0.16) | 1.03 (0.13) | 0.98 (0.16) | 1.18 (0.17) | 1.02 (0.15) | 0.99 (0.16) | 1.17 (0.16) | 1.02 (0.15) | 1.00 (0.15) |
| MidTemp/ICV (mean (SD)), % | 1.33 (0.17) | 1.18 (0.15) | 1.08 (0.18) | 1.29 (0.17) | 1.17 (0.16) | 1.10 (0.17) | 1.28 (0.17) | 1.16 (0.17) | 1.10 (0.16) |
CN, Cognitive Normal; MCI, Mild Cognitive Impairment; APOE4, number of Apolipoprotein E4 alleles; CDRSB, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes; ADAS-cog, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; RAVLT, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test; LDELTOTAL, logical memory delayed recall total; TRABSCOR, Trail Making Test-B, FAQ, Functional Activities Questionnaire; mPACCdigit, Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite Scores; mPACCtrailsB, Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite trails B, MidTemp, Middle Temporal Gyrus; ICV: Intracerebral Volume.