Figure 5.

Putrescine supplementation significantly affects gut microbiota functions. Normalized relative abundances of level 3 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways: (A) Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, (B) cell growth and death, and (C) acetate production pathways were detected as significantly different by FDR-corrected Kruskal–Wallis sum-rank tests between groups. D, Concentration of acetate, propionate, and butyrate per mg feces measured by LC-MS, (t test; mean ± SEM) N = 8–9 mice. ESI-MS, electrospray-mass spectrometry.