Table 3.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Among Children 8 Months - 4 Years of Age Hospitalized with Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, by Vaccination Status*
| Completed Primary Series ≥14 Days Prior to Hospitalization | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Total N |
Unvaccinated n (%) |
Initiated But Incomplete Primary Series n (%) |
Primary Series or Booster† n (%) |
Pfizer-BioNTech | Moderna |
| All patients | 597 | 528 (88.4) | 42 (7.0) | 27 (4.5) | 8 | 19 |
| Age group | ||||||
| 8 months to <2 years | 371 | 330 (88.9) | 27 (7.3) | 14 (3.8) | 4 | 10 |
| 2 years to <5 years | 226 | 198 (87.6) | 15 (6.6) | 13 (5.7) | 4 | 9 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 338 | 296 (87.6) | 30 (8.9) | 12 (3.6) | 5 | 7 |
| Female | 259 | 232 (89.6) | 12 (4.6) | 15 (5.8) | 3 | 12 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 239 | 199 (83.3) | 20 (8.4) | 20 (8.3) | 6 | 14 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 112 | 108 (96.4) | 3 (2.7) | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 1 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 150 | 136 (90.7) | 13 (8.7) | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 |
| Multiple/Other & Unknown‡ | 96 | 85 (88.5) | 6 (6.3) | 5 (5.2) | 2 | 3 |
| Census region | ||||||
| Northeast | 90 | 74 (82.2) | 5 (5.6) | 11 (12.2) | 3 | 8 |
| Midwest | 133 | 116 (87.2) | 10 (7.5) | 7 (5.3) | 3 | 4 |
| South | 205 | 193 (94.1) | 9 (4.4) | 3 (1.5) | 0 | 3 |
| West | 169 | 145 (85.8) | 18 (10.7) | 6 (3.6) | 2 | 4 |
| Underlying medical conditions§ | ||||||
| None | 273 | 251 (91.9) | 13 (4.8) | 9 (3.3) | 2 | 7 |
| One or more underlying medical condition | 324 | 277 (85.5) | 29 (9.0) | 18 (5.5) | 6 | 12 |
| Multiple underlying medical conditions | 112 | 94 (83.9) | 9 (8.0) | 9 (8.0) | 3 | 6 |
| Cardiorespiratory | 204 | 173 (84.8) | 17 (8.3) | 14 (6.9) | 3 | 11 |
| Respiratory | 159 | 132 (83.0) | 14 (8.8) | 13 (8.2) | 3 | 10 |
| Cardiac | 77 | 71 (92.2) | 3 (3.9) | 3 (3.9) | 1 | 2 |
| Neurologic/neuromuscular | 120 | 104 (86.7) | 8 (6.7) | 8 (6.7) | 3 | 5 |
| Hospitalization outcome | ||||||
| Length of hospital stay, days, median (IQR)¶ | 597 | 2 (1 – 4) | 3 (2 – 5) | 3 (1 – 4) | 4 (3 – 4) | 2 (1 – 5) |
| ICU admission | 174 | 156 (89.7) | 8 (4.6) | 10 (5.7) | 4 | 6 |
| Life-threatening illnessǁ | 75 | 66 (88.0) | 3 (4.0) | 6 (8.0) | 3 | 3 |
| Any respiratory support | 228 | 197 (86.4) | 19 (8.3) | 12 (5.3) | 5 | 7 |
| Highest level of respiratory support | ||||||
| High flow nasal cannula | 130 | 116 (89.2) | 9 (6.9) | 5 (3.8) | 2 | 3 |
| BiPAP/CPAP | 47 | 38 (80.9) | 8 (17.0) | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 1 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 51 | 43 (84.3) | 2 (3.9) | 6 (11.8) | 3 | 3 |
| Vasoactive infusions | 29 | 27 (93.1) | 2 (6.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| ECMO | 3 | 3 (100.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| In-hospital death | 1 | 1 (100.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vaccination status is computed as row percentages to portray vaccination coverage among each subgroup.
Includes two patients who received an mRNA booster dose. The remaining 25 patients had completed a primary series only.
Given limited sample size, 32 patients of Asian descent and 22 patients with unknown race/ethnicity were combined into this group.
There were 31 patients diagnosed with an endocrine disorder, and none were noted to have diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2).
Length of hospital stay was determined as the days between the earliest hospital admission date (either the admission date at the study hospital or the admission date of an external hospital, if patient was transferred) and the date of hospital discharge.
Life-threatening illness was defined as those receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, vasoactive infusions, ECMO, or illness resulting in death.