Table 2. Muscle strengthening and aerobic exercise associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality with and without mutual adjustment.
(HR and 95% CIs). Weighted estimates to the whole cohort are presented.
| All-cause mortality HR (95%CI) | CVD mortality HR (95%CI) | Cancer mortality HR (95%CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| Deaths (n) | Model A | Model A + MVPA1 | Model A | Model A + MVPA | Model A | Model A + MVPA | |
|
Weightlifting
Yes (vs. no) |
3,835 | 0.79 (0.76–0.81) | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) | 0.76 (0.76–0.80) | 0.91 (0.86–0.97) | 0.85 (0.80–0.91) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) |
|
| |||||||
| Weightlifting frequency | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Never | 22,086 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
|
| |||||||
| Less than once/month | 300 | 0.82 (0.74–0.92) | 0.84 (0.76–0.94) | 0.84 (0.70–1.03) | 0.86 (0.71–1.05) | 0.88 (0.72–1.07) | 0.91 (0.75–1.11) |
|
| |||||||
| One to three times/month | 874 | 0.80 (0.75–0.85) | 0.85 (0.79–0.91) | 0.82 (0.73–0.92) | 0.89 (0.79–0.99) | 0.80 (0.71–0.90) | 0.85 (0.75–0.96) |
|
| |||||||
| One to two times/week | 1,712 | 0.76 (0.73–0.80) | 0.86 (0.82–0.91) | 0.73 (0.97–0.79) | 0.85 (0.78–0.93) | 0.88 (0.81–0.96) | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) |
|
| |||||||
| Three to 7+ times/week | 2,123 | 0.79 (0.75–0.82) | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) | 0.76 (0.71–0.82) | 0.95 (0.88–1.03) | 0.81 (0.75–0.88) | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) |
|
| |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Per unit increase in weightlifting category | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.92 (0.91–0.94) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | 0.95 (0.93–0.96) | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | |
|
| |||||||
| P for trend | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.002 | <.0001 | 0.03 | |
|
| |||||||
| MVPA groups | |||||||
| None | 11,203 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |||
| Some | 9,574 | 0.76 (0.74–0.78) | 0.73 (0.69–0.77) | 0.78 (0.74–0.82) | |||
| Meets | 5,365 | 0.68 (0.65–0.70) | 0.65 (0.62–0.69) | 0.70 (0.66–0.75) | |||
| Exceeds | 1,788 | 0.66 (0.63–0.70) | 0.65 (0.60–0.71) | 0.70 (0.64–0.77) | |||
Model A adjusted for age at follow-up questionnaire, sex, education, smoking, alcohol intake, current BMI category, race, and number of comorbidities.
1
MVPA abbreviates moderate to vigorous physical activity, these results include covariates from Model A plus each group of aerobic activity guidelines (inactive 0 minutes of activity, insufficient of 1–149 minutes of activity, meets guidelines 150–300 minutes of activity, highly active of 301+ minutes of activity).