Table 2.

Types and specifications of the devices for the HRES.

Device	Type	Specification
PV solar modules	Monocrystalline silicon	Rated power: 300 W; Open-circuit voltage: 40.2 V; Short-circuit current: 9.77 A; Fill factor: 0.77
Inverters	Grid-tied	Rated power: 5 kW; Input voltage range: 200–500 V; Output voltage: 230 V; Output frequency: 50 Hz; Efficiency: 0.95
Wind turbines	Horizontal-axis	Rated power: 3 kW; Cut-in wind speed: 3 m/s; Rated wind speed: 12 m/s; Cut-out wind speed: 25 m/s; Efficiency: 0.4
Fuel cells	Proton exchange membrane	Rated power: 1 kW; Input hydrogen flow rate: 0.04 kg/h; Output voltage: 48 V; Output current: 20.8 A; Efficiency: 0.5