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PS induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, pyroptosis, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MPC5 cells. MPC5 cells are treated with different PS concentrations. Flow cytometry is used to evaluate (a) ROS production and (b, c) pyroptosis level. Western blotting is used to measure (d) expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, and GSDMD-N. ELISA kits are used to measure (e) release of IL-1β and IL-18. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001 versus control.
