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. 2024 Jul 19;14(7):1095–1105. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i7.1095

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©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Histological evaluation of intestinal tissue of the normal saline and valproic acid groups (hematoxylin & eosin staining; scale bar = 100 μm; 10 ×). A: Timeline of experimental design; B: Hematoxylin & eosin staining of the duodenum (above) and rectum (down). The duodenal villi are marked by dotted lines. The submucosa is marked by a yellow star; C and D: Histological statistics of duodenal villi height and width; E: Histological statistics of rectal submucosal width. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (normal saline group n = 6, valproic acid group n = 6). Unpaired t test, ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01. NA: Normal saline; VPA: Valproic acid.