Table 2. Patient Characteristics and MRI Findings of Patients with Persistent Pain after Conservative Treatment.
| Characteristics | Group 1: persistent pain after the conservative treatment (n = 14) | Group 2: relieved pain after the conservative treatment (n = 13) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at pain onset (yr) | 33.2 ± 7.2 (24 to 40) | 47.5 ± 10.8 (38 to 67) | 0.001 | |
| Male : female (% of women) | 11 : 3 (21.4) | 10 : 3 (23.1) | 0.892 | |
| Side (right : left) | 5 : 9 | 7 : 6 | - | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 1.6 (23.8 to 28.9) | 22.9 ± 1.8 (20.2 to 25.7) | 0.001 | |
| Related sports activity | Weightlifting with squatting: 5 (35.7), futsal: 4 (28.6), golf: 4 (28.6), sports dancing: 1 (7.1) | Running: 8 (61.5), sports dancing: 4 (30.8), golf: 1 (7.7) | - | |
| Bipartite medial sesamoid on radiographs | 7 (50.0) | 2 (16.7) | 0.010 | |
| HVA (°) | 12.0 ± 7.6 (4.8 to 19.2) | 13.0 ± 7.3 (7.8 to 23.4) | 0.648 | |
| IMA (°) | 9.5 ± 2.6 (7.0 to 12.0) | 9.6 ± 1.4 (8.3 to 11.4) | 0.856 | |
| Meary’s angle (°) | 4.9 ± 10.1 (–4.7 to 14.4) | –4.7 ± 9.8 (–11.6 to 23.5) | 0.010 | |
| CPA (°) | 26.2 ± 4.7 (21.7 to 30.6) | 25.3 ± 5.6 (15.0 to 32.4) | 0.778 | |
| Medial sesamoid position by Hardy and Clapham on anteroposterior foot radiographs9) | - | |||
| 1 | 9 (77.6) | 3 (23.1) | ||
| 2 | 0 | 6 (46.2) | ||
| 3 | 5 (22.4) | 0 | ||
| 4 | 0 | 4 (30.7) | ||
| Medial sesamoid position by Choi et al. on forefoot axial radiographs14) | - | |||
| 1 | 9 (64.3) | 9 (69.2) | ||
| 2 | 5 (35.7) | 4 (30.8) | ||
| 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Final VAS score | 6.7 (5 to 9) | 2.3 (1 to 5) | 0.010 | |
| Final FAAM-ADL score | 52.1 (42 to 64) | 73.4 (68 to 79) | 0.001 | |
| Final FAAM-Sports score | 14.3 (11 to –22) | 26.6 (23 to 32) | 0.005 | |
| MRI findings | - | |||
| Nonspecific | 6 (42.8) | NA | ||
| mSM joint chondral defect | 4 (28.6) | |||
| Intra-osseous signal change | 4 (28.6) | |||
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (range), number (%), or mean (range).
MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, HVA: hallux valgus angle, IMA: intermetatarsal angle, CPA: calcaneal pitch angle, VAS: visual analog scale, FAAM: Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, ADL: activities of daily living, NA: not applied, mSM: medial sesamoid-first metatarsal.