Table 3.

Indications for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS).

Indications for ICD in CS class of recommendation
Documented sustained VT, prior aborted cardiac arrest or LVEF 35% despite GDMT and immunosuppression	I
LVEF $>$35% with an indication for permanent pacemaker	IIa
History of syncope/near syncope compatible with arrhythmia-related etiology	IIa
Inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmia at PES	IIa
LVEF $>$35% with evidence of myocardial fibrosis (LGE) on CMR or PET, which is extensive or present after the resolution of acute inflammation	IIa
LVEF 36–49% and RVEF 40% despite GDMT and immunosuppression	IIb

Adapted with modifications from [35].

CS, cardiac sarcoidosis; GDMT, guideline directed medical therapy; ICD, implantable cardioverter- defibrillator; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; PES, programmed electric stimulation; VT, ventricular tachycardia; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PET, positron emission tomography; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction.