Table 4.
Phenotypes of mice lacking execution caspase
| mouse strain | development/ phenotype |
apoptotic/ non-apoptotic/unspecified effect | reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Casp-3 −/− | 129 × 1/SvJ | severe brain defects-perinatally lethal | decreased apoptosis of neural precursors | [131] |
| Casp-3 −/− | C57BL/6J | decreased body size, ectopic masses in head | reduced apoptosis in diverse settings | [148] |
| Casp-3 −/− | C57BL/6 | progressing deafness | degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons and a loss of inner and outer hair cells | [153] |
| Casp-3 −/− | C57BL/6 | abnormal development of inner ear | putative defective apoptosis | [144] |
| Casp-3 −/− | C57BL/6J | minimal brain defect | slight resistance to induced cell death | [141] |
| Casp-3 −/− | B6.129S1 | reduction of skeletal muscle mass | defective myoblast differentiation, reduced activation of mst1 | [29] |
| Casp-3 −/− | C57BL/6J | increased number of B cells | increased proliferation of b cells (increased cdk activity and cyclin abundance) | [134] |
| Casp-3 −/− | B6.129S1 | delayed ossification, decreased bone mineral density | over activation of tgf-b/smad2 pathway, upregulation of p53 and p21, downregulation of cdk2 and cdc2 | [30] |
| Casp-3 −/− |
C57BL/6J 129 × 1/SvJ |
slight alterations of molar development | absence of apoptotic bodies in molar tooth germ at E15 | [145] |
| Casp-3 −/− | C57Bl/6 | increased immature hematopoietic cells | impact on hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis | [149] |
| Casp-3 −/− | C57Bl/6 | decreased skin wound healing and liver regeneration | abnormal pge2 production | [189] |
| Casp-3 −/− | C57BL/6J |
small body size at birth, inner ear abnormalities |
putative apoptotic mechanisms | [133] |
| Casp-3 −/− | C57Bl/6 | decreased incidence of induced skin cancer | attenuation of endog | [147] |
| Casp-3 −/− | B6.129S1 | reduced sebaceous glands | downregulation of yap and genes of proliferation | [150] |
| Casp-3 −/− | C57Bl/6 | proliferative glomerular lesions, splenomegaly | expression of inflammation-associated genes | [146] |
| Casp-3 −/− | C57BL/6 | ADHD, signs of autism in males | putative disruption of homeostatic synaptic plasticity | [154, 155] |
| Casp-3 −/− 7 −/− | C57BL/6 | perinatal lethality | exencephaly in 10% of embryos, heart abnormalities | [186] |
|
Casp-3 −/− 7 −/− (conditional myocardium-specific) |
C57BL/6J | hypoplastic heart at birth, myocyte hypertrophy | reduction of myocyte proliferation, increase of glycolytic enzymes | [297] |
| Casp-6 −/− | C57BL/6J | increased susceptibility to influenza infection | altered cell death, zbp1-mediated inflammasome activation, and host defense | [298] |
| Casp-6 −/− | C57BL/6 | abnormal development of B cells |
no difference of apoptosis b cells activation and differentiation of plasma cells |
[167] |
| Casp-6 −/− | C57BL/6 | protection of neurons against stroke | reduced loss of processes and soma of neurons | [168] |
| Casp-6 −/− | FVB/NJ | neuroanatomical and behavioural alterations | protection from excitotoxicity, ngf deprivation and myelin-induced axonal degeneration | [163] |
| Casp-6 −/− | C57BL/6J | alterations in B cells subsets | alteration of il-7 mediated signalling | [172] |
| Casp-6 −/− | C57 | attenuated liver damage in response to I/R | altered regulation of nr4a1/sox9 interaction | [169] |
| Casp-7 −/− | C57BL/6 | normal development | slight survival advantage of MEF after cell death induction | [186] |
| Casp-7 −/− | C57BL/6 | protection from LPS-induced lethality | resistance to LPS-induced lymphocyte apoptosis | [177] |
| Casp-7 −/− | C57BL/6 | abnormal development of hard tissues | alteration of gene expression associated with formation of hard tissues | [31, 179] |
| Casp-7 −/− | C57BL/6 | protection against ON injury-induced RGC loss | increased density of RGCs, reduced thinning of retina resulting from reduced cell death | [187] |
| Casp-7 −/− | C57BL/6 | increased population of mast cells | putative abnormalities of non-apoptotic signalling | [299] |