Table 5.
Phenotypes of mice lacking inflammatory caspases. *Mutant mice contain transgenic caspase-11, since caspase-1 and -11 are too close in the genome to be segregated by recombination. Consequently, caspase 1–/– mice lack both caspase-11 and caspase-1. HS haemorrhagic shock
| mouse strain | development/ phenotype |
apoptotic/ non-apoptotic/unspecified effect | reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | normal development | thymocytes resistant to FasL apoptosis, abnormal il-1 distribution | [201] |
| Casp-1 −/− | 129/Sv | normal development | no alterations in apoptosis, defect in il-1 production | [202] |
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | decreased brain damage | reduced edema and lesions caused by ischemic injury | [217] |
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | protection against ARF | various effects | [198, 214] |
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | prolonged response of lungs to LPS | altered regulation of apoptosis, absent il-1β production in neutrophils treated by lps | [205] |
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | abnormal reactions to bacterial infection | diverse effects | [210, 211] |
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | protection against cisplatin-induced ATN | protection from apoptosis | [216] |
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | thicker retina after light exposure and I/R injury | apoptosis of retinal neurons after excessive light exposure and I/R injury | [206] |
| Casp-1 −/− | - | improved myocardial infarction | reduced apoptosis associated with decreased activation of caspase-3 | [204] |
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | increased susceptibility to IAV | decreased cytokine production | [209] |
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | increased susceptibility to induced tumorigenesis |
reduced apoptosis, increased proliferation |
[207] |
| Casp1 −/− Casp11Tg* | C57BL/6 | altered response to bacterial infection | failure in secretion of il-1b and il-18 in response to various stimuli, lethal response to lps stimulation | [218] |
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | liver damage in HS model | altered regulation of cell death | [203] |
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | altered metabolism | protection form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, obesity (age and sex-dependent manner) | [198, 219, 220] |
| Casp-1 −/− | C57BL/6J | abnormal reaction to IAV | induction of more severe pneumonia by iav, increased replication rate | [208] |
| Casp-1 −/− 11 −/− 12 −/− | C57BL/6 | no overt abnormalities | no abnormalities in apoptosis, no abnormalities in septic shock (compared to Casp-1−/−11−/−) | [236] |
| Casp-11 −/− | C57BL/6J | normal development | fibroblast resistance to apoptosis, resistance to lethal dose of lps | [221] |
| Casp-11 −/− | C57BL/6J | reduced apoptosis in stroke model | defect in caspase-3 activation | [223] |
| Casp-11 −/− | C57BL/6J | resistance to allergic lung inflammation | decreased levels of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, fewer infiltrating alveolar eosinophils | [229] |
| Casp-11 −/− | C57BL/6J | increased susceptibility to colitis | impaired il-18 production, epithelial barrier, and proliferation | [232] |
| Casp-11 −/− | C57BL/6 | altered response to bacterial infection | decreased macrophage cell death, protection from lethal dose of lps | [218] |
| Casp-11 −/− | C57BL/6 | abnormal host-defence response | decreased cell migration mediated by actin depolymerization | [234] |
| Casp-11 −/− | C57BL/6 | sensitivity to colitis-associated carcinogenesis | decreased stat1 activity | [233] |
| Casp-12 −/− | 129 X C57BL/6J | normal development | resistance to ER stress-induced apoptosis, defective apoptosis of cortical neurons induced by amyloid-beta protein | [239] |
| Casp-12 −/− | C57BL/6J | resistance to peritonitis and septic shock | dampened production of ifnγ | [243] |
| Casp-12 −/− | C57BL/6J | less severe colonic inflammation | enhanced production of antimicrobial peptides | [254] |
| Casp-12 −/− | C57BL/6J | greater mortality in MNV | higher viral burden and defective type i ifn response | [255] |
| Casp-12 −/− | C57BL/6J | enhanced malaria clearance at blood-stage | enhanced nf-κb activation (via pathway nemo-iκb kinase complex - nf-κb) | [256] |
| Casp-12 −/− | C57BL/6J | severe liver pathology during malaria infection | enhanced pro-inflammatory response (not sufficient to overcome infection) | [257] |
| Casp-12 −/− | C57BL/6J | reduced CCl4-induced hepatic apoptosis | attenuation of activation of caspase-9 and -3 | [251] |
| Mdx-Casp-12 −/− | C57BL/6J |
preserved muscle function in mdx model |
recovery of specific force generation and resistance to muscle fibre degeneration | [250] |
| T17M/Casp-12 −/− | C57BL/6J | preserved vision in retinal pathogenesis | postponed photoreceptor cell death and preservation of retinal structural integrity | [249] |
| Casp-12 −/− | BL6 | obesity and insulin resistance | abnormal nlrp3 inflammasome pathway | [258] |