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. 2024 Jul 22;14:15843. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66147-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Plots showing the results of the Cox mixed-effects analysis for the effect of session on the likelihood of approaching the bowl (Hazard Ratio) when placed at the positive, near-positive, middle, near-negative and negative locations. The top five plots show results for dogs exposed to the stress odour (orange) before the relax odour (blue) (order 1). The bottom five plots show results for dogs exposed to the relax odour before the stress odour (order 2). The horizontal dashed lines indicate the reference level (Hazard Ratio = 1) that represent the blank cloth odour session (session 1), to which the likelihood of approaching during sessions 2 and 3 are compared. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Significant differences in the likelihood of approaching during session 2 or 3 compared to blank cloth odour are indicated by the asterisks above individual bars. Pairwise differences between sessions 2 and 3 are indicated by the square brackets. Significance codes: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.