Table 1.
– Characterization of the studies.
| Authors/Country/Language/Year | Objective | Sample/mean age |
|---|---|---|
| Argstatter; Haberbosch; Bolay/Germany/German/2006 [20] | To examine whether the preventive or adjuvant use of music therapy results in a reduction in subjective and objective anxiety and therefore leads to a reduction in sedative medication. | 83 patients/66 years |
| Çelik; Güzelçiçek; Çelik/Turkey/Turkish/2022 [21] | To investigate the effects of music therapy on patients undergoing coronary angiography before the invasive procedure on pain, anxiety and vital signs to reduce the administration of sedatives and ask patients' opinions about the music they listened to. | 62 patients/Not applicable (NA) |
| Çetinkaya et al./Turkey/Turkish/2018 [22] | Evaluate the effect of listening to music during coronary angiography on the anxiety level and physiological parameters. | 171 patients/66.8 years |
| Doğan; Şenturan/Turkey/Turkish/2012 [23] | To examine the effects of music on the anxiety level in patients undergoing coronary angiography. | 200 patients/NA |
| Esfandiari et al./Iran/Persian/2022 [24] | Examine the comparative effects of eye masks and music on anxiety levels and hemodynamic indices of patients undergoing coronary angiography. | 300 patients/58.83 years |
| Goertz et al./Germany/German/2011 [25] | To evaluate the anxiolytic effects of different music styles and no music in 200 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and to assess if there is a difference if patients select one of these therapies or are randomized to one of them | 197 patients/65 years |
| Mozaffari; Tavangar; Pourmovahed/Iran/Persian/2020 [26] | Evaluate the effects of muscle relaxation and music therapy on the anxiety of candidates for coronary angiography. | 105 patients/48 years |
| Nilsson et al./The Netherlands/Dutch/2009 [27] | To investigate the effects of music on anxiety, angina, pain, relaxation and comfort in patients during angiographic procedures and to assess gender differences. | 240 patients/NA |
| Weeks; Nilsson/USA/English/2011 [28] | To test the effects of three different sound environments, two of which involved adjunctive music intervention on patient experiences of anxiety and well-being during coronary angiographic procedures. | 98 patients/NA |
NA: the studies do not mention the overall average age of the participants. Only the average age of each group or the age range of each group is mentioned.