. 2024 Jul 23;13(14):e70014. doi: 10.1002/cam4.70014

TABLE 3.

Multivariable analysis of the risk of death among pancreatic cancer patients considering venous thromboembolic events at three different time intervals: Over 1 year before, within 1 year before, and following a pancreatic cancer diagnosis. (A) Radical‐intent surgery (n = 342). (B) Palliative treatment (n = 3718) ^a .

Multivariable	HR for OS death	95% CI Lower	95% CI Upper	p
(A) Radical‐intent surgery
Age	1.002	0.987	1.017	0.775
Sex (female) ^b	0.888	0.698	1.131	0.336
CCI 1	0.951	0.697	1.296	0.748
CCI 2	1.029	0.721	1.469	0.876
CCI 3+	1.099	0.751	1.608	0.628
VTE >1 year before PC dg	0.870	0.472	1.604	0.655
VTE ≤1 year before PC dg	1.902	0.589	6.145	0.283
VTE after PC dg	2.571	1.791	3.691	<0.001
Chemo‐ and/or radiation therapy ^c
0–12 months	0.491	0.295	0.818	0.006
>12 months	1.042	0.7622	1.423	0.798
(B) Palliative treatment
Age	1.026	1.023	1.030	<0.001
Sex (female) ^b	0.900	0.843	0.962	0.002
CCI 1	1.038	0.953	1.131	0.397
CCI 2	1.028	0.934	1.131	0.572
CCI 3+	1.239	1.130	1.358	<0.001
VTE >1 year before PC dg	1.061	0.905	1.242	0.467
VTE ≤1 year before PC dg	1.857	1.576	2.188	<0.001
VTE after PC dg	2.111	1.875	2.377	<0.001
Chemo‐ and/or radiation therapy ^c
0–12 months	0.633	0.578	0.693	<0.001
>12 months	0.863	0.726	1.025	0.092

^{^a}

One radical‐intent surgery patient who underwent oncological treatment for pancreatic cancer over 1 year before the radical‐intent surgery was excluded from the model. In addition, radical surgery patients who underwent oncological treatment only over 1 year after surgery were considered no chemotherapy or no radiation therapy in this model. Patients who had died at the start of the follow‐up period were excluded from this model (n = 25 among the palliative treatment group).

^{^b}

A minor deviance from the proportional hazard assumption for sex was ignored.

^{^c}

The time axis was split to account for deviances from the proportional hazard assumption. Chemo‐ and/or radiation therapy and VTE following a pancreatic cancer diagnosis represent time‐dependent variables.

Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CI, confidence interval; dg, diagnosis; HR, hazard ratio; OS, overall survival; PC, pancreatic cancer; VTE, venous thromboembolism.