Table 2.

Treatment disparities in mitral valve disease.

Treatment	Disparity
GDMT	Under-prescription in Blacks [12, 22]
Surgical intervention	Women are less likely to receive surgical intervention [19, 20]
	Black patients are less likely to receive mitral valvuloplasty [13]
	Hispanic patients are less likely to receive TMVR [25]
	Decreased access to high volume TEER centers for Hispanic and Black patients [26]
Advanced non-surgical options	CRT is underutilized in women [21]
	CRT is underutilized in Black patients [21, 23, 24]
	CRT is underutilized in Hispanic patients [23, 24]

Disparities in treatment of MVD based on sex, race, and ethnicity. GDMT, guideline-directed medical therapy; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; TEER, transcatheter edge to edge repair; TMVR, transcatheter mitral valve replacement; MVD, mitral valvular disease.