Table I.
Baseline characteristics of the study group (N = 659)
| Parameter | |
|---|---|
| Age at survey, M (SD) [years] | 43.38 (8.59) |
| Sex, n (%) | |
| Female | 564 (84.2) |
| Male | 106 (15.8) |
| Place of living, n (%) | |
| Village | 192 (28.7) |
| City of < 50 000 inhabitants | 158 (23.6) |
| City of ≥ 50 000 inhabitants | 329 (47.8) |
| Educational level, n (%) | |
| Elementary | 7 (1.0) |
| Vocational | 11 (1.6) |
| High school | 336 (50.1) |
| University degree | 316 (47.2) |
| Employment status, n (%) | |
| Employed | 652 (97.3) |
| Unemployed | 10 (1.5) |
| Student | 8 (1.2) |
| Marital status, n (%) | |
| Never married | 127 (19.0) |
| Married | 460 (68.7) |
| Divorced/separated | 68 (10.1) |
| Widowed | 15 (2.2) |
| Living status, n (%) | |
| Alone | 55 (8.2) |
| With a family | 570 (85.1) |
| With partner | 45 (6.7) |
| Having children, n (%) | |
| Yes | 527 (78.6) |
| No | 132 (19.7) |
| ACE 1-101, score, M (SD) | 0.76 (1.48) |
| ACE 1-132, score, M (SD) | 1.08 (1.68) |
| Generalized self-efficacy3, M (SD) | 31.59 (4.81) |
| Lifetime history of visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist, n (%) | |
| Yes | 62 (9.3) |
| No | 608 (90.7) |
| Lifetime history of visiting a psychiatrist, n (%) | |
| Yes | 27 (4.0) |
| No | 643 (96.0) |
| Lifetime history of suicide attempt, n (%) | |
| Yes | 7 (1.0) |
| No | 663 (99.0) |
| Lifetime history of self-mutilation, n (%) | |
| Yes | 6 (0.9) |
| No | 664 (99.1) |
| Potential problem drinking4, n (%) | |
| Yes | 78 (11.6) |
| No | 592 (88.4) |
| Lifetime history of street drug use, n (%) | |
| Yes | 18 (2.7) |
| no | 652 (97.3) |
| ACE cumulative score on the ACE (13) questionnaire | |
| < 4 of 13 | 605 (91.8) |
| 4 and more of 13 | 54 (8.2) |
M – mean, SD – standard deviation.
1
Number of ACEs assessed with the ACE Study questionnaire.
2
Number of ACEs assessed with the ACE (13) questionnaire.
3
Assessed with Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale.
4
Assessed with the CAGE questionnaire, score of ≥ 1 point marked as ‘Yes’.