Table VIII.

Visit to a psychiatrist

A. Comparison of the study group individuals with (n = 27) and without (n = 632) a lifetime history of visiting a psychiatrist

Parameter	History of visit to a psychiatrist		P-value
	No (n = 632)	Yes (n = 27)
Age at survey, M (SD) [years]	43.29 (8.59)	45.37 (8.60)	0.3801
Sex, n (%)
Female	538 (95.4)	26 (4.6)	0.1583
Male	94 (98.9)	1 (1.1)
Place of living, n (%)
Village	184 (97.4)	5 (2.6)	0.3382
City of < 50 000 inhabitants	146 (94.2)	9 (5.8)
City of ≥ 50 000 inhabitants	302 (95.9)	13 (4.1)
Educational level, n (%)
Elementary	6 (85.7)	1 (14.3)	0.0173
Vocational	11 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Secondary	308 (93.9)	20 (6.1)
University degree	307 (98.1)	6 (1.9)
Occupational status, n (%)
Employed	616 (95.8)	27 (4.2)	> 0.9993
Unemployed	8 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Student	8 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Marital status, n (%)
Single	123 (98.4)	2 (1.6)	0.0023
Married	439 (96.7)	15 (3.4)
Divorced/separated	57 (87.7)	8 (2.3)
Widowed	13 (86.7)	2 (3.3)
Living status, n (%)
Alone	48 (92.3)	4 (7.7)	0.2313
With a family	544 (96.3)	21 (3.7)
With a partner	40 (95.2)	2 (4.8)
Having children (including dead child), n (%)
Yes	503 (95.4)	24 (4.6)	0.2372
No	129 (97.7)	3 (2.3)
ACE 1–10* score, M (SD)	0.70 (1.39)	2.04 (2.56)	< 0.0011
ACE 1–13** score, M (SD)	1.02 (1.59)	2.48 (2.83)	0.0011
ACE cumulative score on the ACE (13) questionnaire
< 4 of 13	586 (96.9)	19 (3.1)	0.0013
4 and more of 13	46 (85.2)	8 (14.8)
GSE, M (SD)	31.65 (4.77)	30.22 (5.60)	0.2641

p – level of statistical significance, M – mean, SD – standard deviation.

¹Mann-Whitney U Test.

²χ^β test.

³Fisher’s exact test.

^*Number of ACEs assessed with the ACE Study questionnaire.

^**Number of ACEs assessed with the ACE (13) questionnaire.

ACE – adverse childhood experience, GSE – generalized self-efficacy assessed with the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale.