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. 2024 May 1;16(2):130–139. doi: 10.34172/ahj.2024.1491

Table 4. Opioids-based experiments .

Addictive drug Manipulation Target Subjects Main findings/ References
Opioids Suvorexant Dual OX1/2R M (mice) Decreased morphine tolerance and dependence / decreased increased levels of CREB and p-ERK proteins98
SB-334867 OX1R M Administration of SB-334867 prevented morphine-induced sensitivity to locomotor activity in mice100
SB-334867 OX1R R (rat) Significantly reduced naloxone-induced withdrawal syndrome physical symptoms in morphine-dependent rats92
SB-334867 OX1R R Microinjection of SB-334867 into LC dramatically suppresses glutamate-induced morphine withdrawal101
SB-334867 OX1R M Attenuated the symptoms of naloxone-induced withdrawal91
SB-334867 OX1R R Attenuation of morphine-induced CPP (acquisition and expression/micro-injection into VTA)89
SB-334867 OX1R R Intra-DG (dentate gyrus) administration dose-dependently reduced morphine priming-induced reinstatement102
SB-334867 OX1R R Decreased motivation and the cue-induced reinstatement of remifentanil-seeking103
SB-334867 OX1R R Inhibition of increased activity of LC neurons following naloxone administration in morphine-dependent rats93
SB-334867 OX1R R Prevention of naloxone-induced neuronal activation within the LC in morphine-dependent rats/ Decreased cAMP concentration in LC neurons94
SB-334867 OX1R R Significant reduction of physical symptoms of morphine withdrawal syndrome induced by naloxone95
TCS-OX2-29 OX2R R Intra-DG (dentate gyrus) administration dose-dependently reduced morphine priming-induced reinstatement102
TCS-OX2-29 OX2R R Attenuation of morphine-induced CPP (acquisition and expression/micro-injection into VTA)89
NBI-80713 OX2R R Dose-dependently reduced heroin self-administration (systemic administration) 97