. 2024 Jul 18;28:250. doi: 10.1186/s13054-024-05040-9

Table 4.

Vital signs and arterial blood gas analysis

Characteristics	Group	Baseline	1h	12h	48h	P* value
Heart rate (beats/min)	HFNC	92 (85–101)	88 (83–100)	89 (84–98)	90 (82–100)	0.210
	NIV	96 (85–103)	93 (83–104)	90 (83–102)	88 (79–99)^abc	0.001
	P^ value	0.148	0.183	0.582	0.329	0.115^#
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	HFNC	88 (82–93)	86 (78–93)	84 (76–93)	87 (79–94)	0.102
	NIV	84 (77–93)	86 (77–95)	83 (75–92)	85 (78–93)	0.100
	P^ value	0.090	0.754	0.713	0.296	0.558^#
Respiratory rate (min)	HFNC	28 (25–30)	26 (23–30)	25 (22–28)^a	23 (22–27)^a	< 0.001
	NIV	29 (26–32)	25 (21–30)^a	23 (21–27)^a	23 (20–26)^abc	< 0.001
	P^ value	0.061	0.118	0.095	0.025	0.197^#
Arterial pH	HFNC	7.31(7.29–7.33)	7.33(7.31–7.36)^a	7.37(7.34–7.39)^ab	7.39(7.35–7.42)^abc	< 0.001
	NIV	7.30(7.28–7.32)	7.34(7.31–7.37)^a	7.37(7.35–7.40)^ab	7.39(7.37–7.42)^abc	< 0.001
	P^ value	0.342	0.105	0.071	0.060	0.037^#
PaCO₂ (mm Hg)	HFNC	63 (59–68)	61 (56–64)^a	57 (53–64)^ab	57 (52–60)^ab	< 0.001
	NIV	61 (58–65)	58 (53–64)^a	56 (50–63)^ab	53 (49–59)^abc	< 0.001
	P^ value	0.130	0.067	0.054	0.043	0.012^#
PaO₂/FiO₂ (mmHg)	HFNC	175 (167–199)	215 (196–242)^a	206 (192–225)^ab	225 (207–253)^abc	< 0.001
	NIV	184 (167–202)	206 (189–232)^a	217 (195–234)^ab	216 (203–238)^ab	< 0.001
	P^ value	0.170	0.069	0.066	0.058	0.798^#

P* for overall comparisons of differences in the same group over time. P^# for overall comparisons of differences between the two groups over time. P^ for comparisons of differences between the two groups at the same time point. ^aCompared with the baseline value in the same group, P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction. ^bCompared with the 1h value in the same group, P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction. ^cCompared with the 12h value in the same group, P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction

HFNC High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy; NIV Non-invasive ventilation; PaCO₂ Partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide; PaO₂ Partial pressure of arterial oxygen; FiO₂ Fraction of inspiration oxygen