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Signaling pathways involved in myofibroblast dedifferentiation, including TGF-β signaling, MEK/ERK pathway and cAMP/PKA pathway. TβR, TGF-β receptor. MEK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. ERK, Extracellular-signal-regulated kinases. GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptors. AC, adenylyl cyclase. PKA, protein kinase A. Epac, exchange protein activated by cAMP. CREB, cAMP-response element binding protein
