Table 2.
Factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting among patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan, 2018
| Characteristics | B | S.E | Wald | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| < 21 | Reference | ||||||||
| 21–40 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 1.1 (0.1–12.4) | 0.944 | ||||
| > 40 | -0.4 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 (0.6–8.1) | 0.774 | ||||
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | Reference | ||||||||
| Female | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 1.8 (0.7–4.5) | 0.184 | ||||
| Body mass index | |||||||||
| Normal BMI | Reference | ||||||||
| Underweight | 0.8 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 1.9 (0.1–32.9) | 0.646 | ||||
| Overweight | -0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) | 0.696 | ||||
| Obese | -0.9 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.4 (0.1–1.9) | 0.254 | ||||
| ASA classification | |||||||||
| ASA I | Reference | ||||||||
| ASA II | -0.5 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.162 | ||||
| Previous history of | |||||||||
| Surgery | -1.1 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 0.022 | ||||
| PONV | -0.3 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 (0.1–7.2) | 0.792 | ||||
| Motion sickness | 1.8 | 0.3 | 26.2 | 5.8 (2.9–11.2) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Gastritis and or PUD | -0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.539 | ||||
| Intraoperative IV fluids used (ml) | |||||||||
| IV fluids | -0.0 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 0.9 (0.9-1.0) | 0.042 | ||||
| Duration of surgery (minutes) | |||||||||
| ≤ 60 | Reference | ||||||||
| > 60 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.741 | ||||
OR: odds ratio; PUD: peptic ulcer disease; IV: intravenous