Table 3.

Association of antiemetics and anesthetic agents with postoperative nausea and vomiting among patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan, 2018

Characteristics		B	S.E.	Wald	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Premedication
	Ranitidine	0.5	0.4	1.9	1.7 (0.8–3.7)	0.162
	Midazolam	0.7	0.5	2.4	2.0 (0.8–4.9)	0.123
Induction of anesthesia
	Sodium thiopental	1.4	0.4	12.5	4.1 (1.9–9.1)	< 0.001
	Propofol	-1.4	0.4	12.5	0.2 (0.1–0.5)	< 0.001
Antiemetics
	Metoclopramide	0.1	0.4	0.0	1.1 (0.5–2.4)	0.857
	Ondansetron	-1.7	0.4	14.8	0.2 (0.1–0.4)	< 0.001
	Dexamethasone	-0.3	0.3	0.8	0.7 (0.4–1.4)	0.367
Combination of antiemetics used
	One antiemetics used	-2.4	0.5	19.8	0.1 (0.0-0.2)	< 0.001
	Two antiemetics used	-1.7	0.5	11.4	0.2 (0.1–0.5)	0.001
	More than two antiemetics used	-2.4	0.8	9.6	0.1 (0.0-0.4)	0.002
Muscle relaxants
	Succinylcholine	0.4	0.4	0.6	1.4 (0.6–3.4)	0.433
	Vecuronium	0.5	0.4	2.2	1.7 (0.8–3.5)	0.137
	Atracurium	-0.5	0.3	2.2	0.6 (0.3–1.2)	0.137
Opioids
	Morphine	0.1	0.3	0.1	1.1 (0.6–2.1)	0.715
	Fentanyl	-0.1	0.3	0.1	0.9 (0.4–1.6)	0.714
Adjuvant analgesics
	Paracetamol	-0.9	0.4	4.9	0.4 (0.2–0.8)	0.026
	Diclofenac sodium	0.6	0.7	0.9	1.8 (0.5–6.8)	0.343
Maintenance of anesthesia
	Nitrous oxide	-0.4	0.4	1.5	0.7 (0.3–1.3)	0.222
	Sevoflurane	0.1	1.2	0.0	1.1 (0.1–12.5)	0.931
	Isoflurane	0.8	1.1	0.6	2.3 (0.3–20.1)	0.451
	Air	0.4	0.3	1.4	1.5 (0.7-3.0)	0.222
Constant		-0.4	0.2	4.9	0.7	0.026

OR: odds ratio