. 2024 Jul 22;7(7):e2423946. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.23946

Table 4. Relative Risks of Overall Strabismus in Offspring When Maternal HDP Is Complicated With Maternal DIP.

Exposure	No. with outcome/total No. (%)	Model 1^a		Model 2^b		Model 3^c
Exposure	No. with outcome/total No. (%)	RR (95% CI)	P value	RR (95% CI)	P value	RR (95% CI)	P value
Neither^d	252/2202 (11.4)	1 [Reference]	NA	1 [Reference]	NA	1 [Reference]	NA
Only HDP	20/103 (19.4)	1.70 (1.08-2.68)	.02	1.67 (1.02-2.72)	.04	1.77 (1.08-2.89)	.02
Only DIP	88/772 (11.4)	1.00 (0.78-1.27)	.98	0.97 (0.75-1.25)	.79	0.94 (0.72-1.22)	.65
Both	8/40 (20.0)	1.75 (0.86-3.53)	.12	1.74 (0.85-3.54)	.13	1.83 (0.89-3.73)	.10

Abbreviations: DIP, diabetes in pregnancy; HDP, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy; NA, not applicable; RR, relative risk.

^{^a}

Unadjusted.

^{^b}

Adjusted for maternal age, paternal age, maternal educational level, maternal residence, household annual income, mode of conception, singleton, offspring sex, and offspring age.

^{^c}

Adjusted for maternal age, paternal age, maternal educational level, maternal residence, household annual income, mode of conception, singleton, offspring sex, offspring age, mode of delivery, gestational age at birth, birth weight, and offspring refractive error.

^{^d}

Indicates no HDP or DIP.