Table 1.
Description of the experimental groups with applied laser parameters and final irrigation procedure.
| Group | Device | Parameter | Irrigation procedure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control |
Endodontic needle
(ENDO 30G, Transcodent, Kiel, Germany) |
Inserted up to working length minus 1 mm | 2 mL NaOCl after each filing step, 1 × 30 s laser activation EDTA (3 mL), 1 × 30 s laser activation distilled water (2 mL), 3 × 30 s laser activation NaOCl (3 mL), 1 × 30 s laser activation distilled water (2 mL) |
| 1 |
ER:YAG laser
(LiteTouch, Light Instruments, Israel; Tip (AS7075(×), 0.4 × 17 mm) |
Ø 0.3 W (20 mJ, 15 Hz) Inserted in pulpal chamber |
|
| 2 |
9.3 µm CO2 laser
(Solea, Convergent Dental, USA) (Ultra-guide handpiece with endo-tip Ø 1.25 mm) |
Ø 0.4 W (40%, 14 Hz) Inserted in pulpal chamber |
|
| 3 |
WISER 808 nm
(Wiser Doctor Smile 808 nm (Lambda SpA, Brendola, Italy) black coated tip Ø 0.2 mm; |
Ø 0.4 W (1 W, 26,666 µs on, 40,000 off) Inserted up to working length minus 2 mm |