TABLE 1.
Material Properties Defined in the T8–S Finite Element Model
| Component | Young’s modulus (MPa) | Poisson’s ratio | Cross-sectional area (mm2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bony structures | |||
| Cortical bone | 12,000 | 0.29 | — |
| Cancellous bone | 450 | 0.29 | — |
| Posterior structure | 3,500 | 0.29 | — |
| Facet cartilage | 10 | 0.4 | — |
| Intervertebral disk | |||
| Annulus fibre | 450 | 0.45 | 0.15 |
| Annulus ground | 3.4 | 0.4 | — |
| Nucleus pulposus | 1 | 0.49 | — |
| Endplate | 500 | 0.4 | — |
| Ligaments | |||
| ALL | 15 | — | 11.1 |
| PLL | 10 | — | 11.3 |
| LF | 5 | — | 46 |
| ISL | 4 | — | 12 |
| CL | 7 | — | 42.2 |
| Implants | |||
| Ti | 110,000 | 0.3 | — |
| PEEK cage | 3000 | 0.3 | — |
| Bone graft | 450 | 0.29 | — |
ALL indicates anterior longitudinal ligament; CL, cystic ligament; ISL, interspinous ligament; LF, ligamentum flavum; PLL, posterior longitudinal ligament.