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. 2024 Jul 23;14:16895. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66473-4

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Wuhan-Hu-1 [S1S2] spike and β-1.351 [S1S2] spike proteins suppress CFTR protein expression in differentiated BCi.NS1.1 (d-BCi) epithelia. (a) ALI differentiated dBCi cells were incubated apically with different concentrations of Wuhan-Hu-1 [S1S2] spike protein for 4 h, washed and then incubated for additional 20 h under ALI conditions. Representative Western blot images (left panel) and densitometric analysis of the expression levels of CFTR (right panel) in treated dBCi cells after Ussing chamber analyses are shown. β-actin was used for equal loading of protein. (b) dBCi cells were incubated with different concentrations of β-1.351 [S1S2] spike protein and analyzed as in part (a). The data are expressed as means ± SD (N = 4). Statistical p values were determined with a one-way ANOVA, followed by both Holm’s and Dunnett’s post-hoc tests comparing each mean to the medium control. For the Holm test, *, p < 0.05; and ¥, p < 0.01. Dunnett’s tests were consistently significant (p < 0.05), except as noted (•).