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. 2024 Jul 23;14:16993. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67861-6

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Monitoring immune parameters following aerosol BCG revaccination, three years after initial infant BCG vaccination. (A) Concentration of monocyte, (B) lymphocyte, and (C) neutrophil populations in peripheral blood measured using a haematology analyser, median shown and 95% CI, (D) Frequency of PPD-specific IFNγ secreting cells measured by ELISPOT in peripheral blood after initial BCG vaccination in infancy and following aerosol BCG revaccination approximately 3 years later. Individual animals shown (E) IFNγ production (pg/ml) following stimulation of PBMC with E. coli (blue), S. aureus (red), C. albicans (green) or LPS (purple).Responses in separate naïve adult animals are shown as a comparison (hollow circles), (F) IL1β production (pg/ml) following stimulation of PBMC with E. coli (blue), S. aureus (red), C. albicans (green) or LPS (purple). Responses in separate naïve adult animals are shown as a comparison (hollow circles), (G) immunophenotyping of lymphocyte populations in the PBMC and BAL. Samples are gated as a proportion of parent population (CD4+, CD8+, NK T cells, γδ T cells from CD3+ population, B cells from lymphocytes, NK cells from CD3− CD8+ cells, and Tregs from CD3+ CD4+ cells), (H) immunophenotyping of monocyte populations in PBMC and BAL Samples are gated as a proportion of parent population (DCs from CD3− CD14− CD8− CD20− CD159− HLA-DR+ population, monocytes from total monocytes). Refer to supplementary data for full gating strategies. Red: PBMC, blue: BAL. Bars indicate median values with individual values shown by symbols.