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. 2024 Jul 10;14:1438731. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1438731

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Copyright © 2024 Lei, Wang, Sun, Fu, Tian, Yang, Wang and Xia

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Use RNA-ISH technology to enrich and analyze CTCs in blood samples of HCC patients (A) The expression of epithelial marker mRNA (EpCAM and E-cadherin) and (B) mesenchymal marker mRNA (Twist and vimentin) and CSC marker mRNA (nanog) were validated by qPCR, p<0.05; (C) The protein expression levels of epithelial markers (EpCAM and E-cadherin), p<0.001. (D–G) The total number of CTCs, epithelial CTCs, mixed CTCs, and mesenchymal CTCs correlated with BCLC staging, p<0.05. **represents P<0.01, *represents P<0.05.