NCT04868565.

Study name	Target weaning oxygen to determine caffeine duration for AOP (DCAP)
Methods	Multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial
Participants	Inclusion criteria: Premature infants with gestational age < 30 weeks; Postmenstrual age ≥ 32weeks A history of caffeine therapy No current positive pressure respiratory support, and free of apnea for at least five consecutive days, but still oxygen dependent Parents or legal guardians sign informed consent to attend this study Exclusion criteria: Congenital cardiorespiratory malformation, or chromosomal abnormalities Grade III/IV intraventricular hemorrhage, or probable brain injury attributable to confirmed central nervous system infection, severe periventricular leukomalacia or other entities Underwent tracheostomy Currently on sedatives, opioids, or other medication related to depressed breath
Interventions	Samples assigned to the "ongoing caffeine with oxygen supplement (group 1)" will continue caffeine administration combined with oxygen supplement until the patients are weaned from oxygen. Samples assigned to the "discontinuing caffeine with oxygen supplement (group 2)" will discontinue caffeine immediately after randomization, while oxygen supplement is going on
Outcomes	Primary outcomes: RAP Duration of oxygen supplement after randomization Duration of hospital stay after randomization Secondary outcomes: Postmenstrual age of discharging home Onset of bronchopulmonary dysplasia Severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia Restart caffeine therapy Restart noninvasive ventilation Reintubation of patients Hospitalization cost after randomization
Starting date	5 January 2021
Contact information	Name: Jianhui Wang Phone Number: +86‐13678428167 Email: wangjh@cqmu.edu.cn
Comparison
Notes	Estimated primary completion date 31 October 2023

AOP: apnea of prematurity; BPD: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; BID: twice a day; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; IH: intermittent hypoxemia; MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; NICHD: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; NICU: Neonatal intensive care unit; NPO: nothing per mouth; NRN: Neonatal Research Network; PMA: postmenstrual age; RAP: recurrence of apnea of prematurity.