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. 2024 Jul 24;25(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s10194-024-01807-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — P2X7R antagonism prevents nuclear translocation of NFκB-p65 in astrocytes following CSD. (a) Representative images of cortical NFκB-p65 and S100β immunofluorescent co-staining in naïve, sham mice, and in mice following optogenetic CSD induction with or without P2X7R antagonist administration. scale bar:25 µm (b) Representative images of hypothalamic NFκB-p65 and S100β immunofluorescent co-staining. scale bar:25 µm (c) Percentage of nuclear translocation of NFκB-p65 in S100β-positive astrocytes in cortex in naïve, sham mice, and in mice following optogenetic CSD induction with or without P2X7R antagonist administration (n = 5/group). (d) Percentage of nuclear translocation of NFκB-p65 in S100β-positive astrocytes in hypothalamus (n = 5/group). (e) Percentage of nuclear translocation of NFκB-p65 in S100β-positive astrocytes in thalamus (n = 5/group). (f) Percentage of nuclear translocation of NFκB-p65 in S100β-positive astrocytes in hippocampus (n = 3/group). (g) Percentage of nuclear translocation of NFκB-p65 in S100β-positive astrocytes in striatum (n = 5/group). CSD: Cortical Spreading Depression (ns: p > 0.05, *:p < 0.05, **:p < 0.01, ***:p < 0.001)