TABLE 4.
Detection and identification of bacteria in tattoo or PMU inksa
| Ink # |
Mfr | Sample # | Country of origin | Ink type | Sterility claimb | CFU/g | Bacterial identification | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaerobic | CO2 (5%) | Aerobic | |||||||
| 1 | A | A-01 | Germany | PMU | Y | <250 | – | – | Staphylococcus epidermidis |
| 2 | A-02 | PMU | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 3 | A-03 | PMU | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 4 | B | B-01 | USA | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |
| 5 | B-02 | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 6 | B-03 | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 7 | B-04 | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 8 | B-05 | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 9 | C | C-01 | France | PMU | Y | – | – | 5.0 × 103 | Pseudomonas putida |
| – | 2.5 × 10d | –e | Staphylococcus saprophyticus | ||||||
| 10 | C-02 | PMU | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 11 | C-03 | PMU | Y | – | – | –e | Bacillus aerius | ||
| 12 | C-04 | PMU | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 13 | C-05 | PMU | Y | – | <250 | <250 | Staphylococcus saprophyticus | ||
| <250c | – | – | Cutibacterium acnes | ||||||
| 14 | C-06 | PMU | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 15 | C-07 | PMU | Y | – | 2.5 × 10d | 2.5 × 103 | Staphylococcus saprophyticus | ||
| <250c | – | – | Cutibacterium acnes | ||||||
| 16 | C-08 | PMU | Y | – | – | –e | Staphylococcus xylosus | ||
| 17 | D | D-01 | China | PMU | NA | – | – | –e | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia |
| 18 | D-02 | PMU | NA | <250c | – | – | Cutibacterium acnes | ||
| – | – | 2.5 × 103 | Sphingomonas yanoikuyae | ||||||
| 19 | D-03 | PMU | NA | – | – | 3.0 × 103 | Sphingomonas olei | ||
| – | – | –e | Chryseobacterium nepalense | ||||||
| 20 | D-04 | PMU | NA | – | – | –e | Sphingomonas spp. | ||
| – | – | –e | Massilia spp. | ||||||
| 21 | D-05 | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 22 | D-06 | PMU | NA | – | – | –e | Sphingomonas spp. | ||
| – | <250 | –e | Pseudomonas putida | ||||||
| 23 | E | E-01 | China | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |
| 24 | E-02 | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 25 | E-03 | PMU | NA | – | 2.5 × 105d | 2.5 × 105d | Streptomyces thermoviolaceus | ||
| 26 | E-04 | PMU | NA | <250c | – | – | Cutibacterium acnes | ||
| 27 | E-05 | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 28 | F | F-01 | USA | PMU | Y | – | – | – | |
| 29 | F-02 | PMU | Y | – | – | –e | Streptomyces virginiae | ||
| 30 | F-03 | PMU | Y | – | – | <250 | Nocardiopsis dassonvillei | ||
| 31 | G | G-01 | USA | Tattoo | NA | – | – | – | |
| 32 | G-02 | Tattoo | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 33 | G-03 | Tattoo | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 34 | G-04 | Tattoo | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 35 | G-05 | Tattoo | NA | – | – | –e | Staphylococcus warneri | ||
| 36 | H | H-01 | USA | Tattoo | Y | – | – | –e | Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
| 37 | –e | –e | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | ||||||
| H-02 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | ||||
| 38 | H-03 | Tattoo | Y | – | 800 | 800 | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | ||
| 39 | H-04 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 40 | H-05 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 41 | I | I-01 | USA | PMU | NA | – | – | –e | Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum |
| 42 | I-02 | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 43 | I-03 | PMU | NA | <250 | – | – | Staphylococcus epidermidis | ||
| 44 | I-04 | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 45 | I-05 | PMU | NA | – | – | – | |||
| 46 | J | J-01 | USA | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |
| 47 | J-02 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 48 | J-03 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 49 | J-04 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 50 | K | K-01 | USA | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |
| 51 | K-02 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 52 | K-03 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | –e | Brevibacillus agri | ||
| 53 | K-04 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 54 | K-05 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 55 | K-06 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 56 | K-07 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 57 | K-08 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 58 | K-09 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 59 | K-10 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 60 | K-11 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 61 | K-2 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 62 | L | L-01 | USA | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |
| 63 | L-02 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 64 | M | M-01 | USA | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |
| 65 | M-02 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 66 | N | N-01 | USA | Tattoo | Y | – | – | <250 | Micrococcus luteus |
| 67 | N-02 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | 4.5×104 | Pseudomonas putida | ||
| 68 | N-03 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 69 | N-04 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | <250 | Bacillus firmus | ||
| 70 | N-05 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 71 | N-06 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | 1.2 × 103 | Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis | ||
| 72 | N-07 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 73 | N-08 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
| 74 | N-09 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | –e | Bacillus siralis | ||
| 75 | N-10 | Tattoo | Y | – | – | – | |||
a
PMU, permanent makeup; Mfr, manufacturer; CFU, colony-forming unit.
b
Y, sterility claimed in labeling; NA, sterility information not available.
c
Growth was observed after extended time of incubation (7 to 14 days).
d
Growth was observed from 1:1,000 dilution.
e
Growth was observed after broth enrichment step.