. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 24.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Drug Policy. 2023 Feb 28;114:103980. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.103980

Table 1.

Naloxone access measures

Primary exposures	Definition

Any naloxone access law (NAL)	Any law intended to facilitate naloxone distribution or use
Pharmacy distribution	The number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed at retail pharmacies per 1,000 state population in IQVIA LRx

Secondary exposures	Definition

Prescriber or dispenser immunity	Laws that provide prescribers or dispensers with immunity from either criminal prosecution or civil liability for prescribing, dispensing, or distributing naloxone to a layperson
Layperson immunity	Laws that provide laypersons with immunity from either criminal prosecution or civil liability when administering naloxone
Third party prescribing	Laws that authorize naloxone prescriptions to third parties (i.e., persons in a position to assist individuals atrisk of overdose)
Non-patient-specific dispensing model	Laws that enable pharmacists to dispense or distribute naloxone without a patient-specific prescription
Decriminalized possession	Laws that remove criminal liability for possession of naloxone without a prescription