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. 2024 Jul 23;20(1):2379086. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2379086

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© 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 1. — Approaches for the use of cancer vaccines in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma and their mechanism of action.

Legend: APC = antigen-presenting cell, BCG = Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, CT = chemotherapy, DC = dendritic cell, DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid, FPV = fowlpox virus, ICI = immune checkpoint inhibitor, MAGE = melanoma-associated antigens, MHC = major histocompatibility complex, PGC = peptide-based personalized genome vaccine, PPV = personalized peptide vaccination, RNA = ribonucleic acid, RT = radiotherapy, TCR = T-cell receptor, TRICOM = three immune costimulatory molecules: B7.1, ICAM-1 LFA-3, WT1 = Wilms’ tumor 1.